JAVA 解析XML

解析XML常见的四种方法分别是：

Dom4j、SAX、DOM、JDOM ，个人对四种方式的理解中Dom4j是比较常用性能也比较高的解析方式，如常见框架解析的XML配置文件也多为DOM4j方式。DOM方式需要对将整个XML文档调入内存生成DOM树驻留在内存中，耗费内存空间，但比较适合需要频繁更改XML文档的情况，而SAX方式不需要将XML一次性读进内存在进行解析，而是类似边读边解析，对内存要求较小。 

一、Dom4j

使用Dom4j 将List<Person>对象生成XML文件

public class DOM4jTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

		List<Person> list = new ArrayList<Person>();
		Person person1=new Person(11, "张三1", "女", "北京", 20);
		Person person2=new Person(12, "张三2", "女", "上海", 21);
		Person person3=new Person(13, "张三3", "女", "广州", 22);

		Person person4=new Person(21, "李四1", "男", "北京", 20);
		Person person5=new Person(22, "李四2", "男", "上海", 21);
		Person person6=new Person(23, "李四3", "男", "广州", 22);
		
		person1.setMate(person4);//增加配偶
		person2.setMate(person5);//增加配偶
		person3.setMate(person6);//增加配偶

		list.add(person1);
		list.add(person2);
		list.add(person3);
		Element root = DocumentHelper.createElement("Persons");// 创建根节点Persons
		Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument(root);
		for (Person person : list) {
			Element element = root.addElement("Person");//创建子节点Person
			element.addAttribute("num", person.getNum()+"");//加入属性num
			Element name=element.addElement("name");//person创建子节点name
			name.setText(person.getName());
			Element sex=element.addElement("sex");
			sex.setText(person.getSex());
			Element age=element.addElement("age");
			age.setText(person.getAge()+"");
			Element mate=element.addElement("mate");
			Element num=mate.addElement("num");
			num.setText(person.getMate().getNum()+"");
			Element name_mate=mate.addElement("name");
			name_mate.setText(person.getMate().getName());
			Element sex_mate=mate.addElement("sex");
			sex_mate.setText(person.getMate().getSex());
			Element age_mate=mate.addElement("age");
			age_mate.setText(person.getMate().getAge()+"");

		}
		 OutputFormat format = new OutputFormat("\r", true);
				 XMLWriter xmlWriter = new XMLWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new
				 FileOutputStream("d:\\Persons.xml"),"UTF-8") ,format);
				
				 xmlWriter.write(document);
				 xmlWriter.close();
	}	

结果：

使用Dom4j解析该XML 

public class DOM4jTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {


		SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();

		Document document = saxReader.read(new File("D:\\Persons.xml"));

		Element root = document.getRootElement(); // 获取根节点

		
		readElement(root);
		

	}

	private static void readElement(Element root) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		List<Attribute> attrlist=root.attributes();
		for (Attribute attribute : attrlist) {
			System.out.println(attribute.getName()+" "+attribute.getValue());
			 
		}
		List<Element> elementlist=root.elements();
		for (Element element : elementlist) {
			 
			System.out.println(element.getName()+" "+element.getTextTrim());
			readElement(element);
			
		}
		
	}
}

结果：

二、SAX

解析XML，需要传入一个继承了DefaultHandler并复习其主要方法的类，或直接传入匿名内部类。startDocument()和endDocument()方法分别是开始读取和读取完毕执行，读取XML方法顺序是Element相关方法（读取节点名和Attributes ）-->characters相关方法读取两结点之间的Text

package XML;

import java.io.File;

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class SAXTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

		// step2: 获得SAX解析器实例
		SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();

		// step3: 开始进行解析												
		parser.parse(new File("D:\\Persons.xml"), new DefaultHandler() {//传入匿名内部类  复写DefaultHandler主要方法
			@Override
			public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
				// System.out.println("parse began");
			}

			@Override
			public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
				// System.out.println("parse finished");
			}

			@Override
			public void startElement(String uri, String localName,
					String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
				System.out.print(qName);
				for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
					System.out.println(attributes.getQName(i) + "=" + attributes.getValue(i));
				}

			}

			@Override
			public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
					throws SAXException {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				// super.characters(ch, start, length);读取Text部分
				System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length).trim());
			}

			@Override
			public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
					throws SAXException {
				// System.out.println("finish element");
			}
		});
	}
}

结果：

三、JDom

生成Xml

public class JDomTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Document document = new Document();

		Element root = new Element("Persons");

		document.addContent(root);
		// comment 注释
		Comment comment = new Comment("可以添加注释");

		root.addContent(comment);

		Element person = new Element("Person");

		person.setAttribute("id", "201501");

		root.addContent(person);

		Element name = new Element("name");
		name.setText("liuli");
		Element age = new Element("age");
		age.setText("25");
		person.addContent(name).addContent(age);

		Format format = Format.getPrettyFormat();

		// format.setIndent("\r");
		format.setEncoding("UTF-8");

		XMLOutputter out = new XMLOutputter(format);

		out.output(document, new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("jdom.xml"), "UTF-8"));

	}
}

结果：

读取XML

public class JDomTest {
	

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder();

		Document doc = builder.build(new File("Persons.xml"));

		Element root = doc.getRootElement();

		System.out.println(root.getName());

		List<Element> elements = root.getChildren();
		readXml(elements);
	

		XMLOutputter out = new XMLOutputter(Format.getPrettyFormat().setIndent(
				"	"));

		out.output(doc, new FileOutputStream("newPerson.xml"));
	}

	private static void readXml(List<Element> elements) {
		for (Element element : elements) {
			System.out.println(element.getName()+element.getTextTrim());
			List<Attribute> attribute = element.getAttributes();
			for (Attribute attr : attribute) {
				System.out.println(attr.getName() + "=" + attr.getValue());
			}
			readXml(element.getChildren());
		}
	}
}

打印结果：

四、DOM

public class DOMTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();

		Document doc = db.parse(new File("Persons.xml"));
		// 获得根元素结点
		Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();

		readXml(root);
	}

	static void readXml(Element element) {
		String tagName = element.getNodeName();

		NodeList children = element.getChildNodes();

		System.out.print(tagName);

		// element元素的所有属性所构成的NamedNodeMap对象，需要对其进行判断
		NamedNodeMap map = element.getAttributes();

		// 如果该元素存在属性
		if (null != map) {
			for (int i = 0; i < map.getLength(); i++) {
				// 获得该元素的每一个属性
				Attr attr = (Attr) map.item(i);

				String attrName = attr.getName();
				String attrValue = attr.getValue();

				System.out.print(attrName + "=" + attrValue );
			}
		}

	

		for (int i = 0; i < children.getLength(); i++) {
			Node node = children.item(i);
			// 获得结点的类型
			short nodeType = node.getNodeType();

			if (nodeType == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
				// 是元素，递归
				readXml((Element) node);
			} else if (nodeType == Node.TEXT_NODE) {
				 
				System.out.print(node.getNodeValue());
			} else if (nodeType == Node.COMMENT_NODE) {
				

				Comment comment = (Comment) node;

				// 注释内容
				String data = comment.getData();

				System.out.println(data);

				
			}
		}

		
	}
}

结果：