C程序设计语言 5-9

练习5-9 用指针方式代替数组下标方式改写函数day_of_year和month_day。

这种方法可以给指针数组赋值。

#include <stdio.h>

void main() {

    int* a[2];
    int m[] = { 8, 99, 10 };
    int n[] = { 11, 22, 33, 44 };
    a[0] = m;
    a[1] = n;

    printf("a[1]:%d\n", a[1][1]);
}

我的想法是，指针数组的每一个元素都是一个指向一个数组的指针，也就是地址。因此一开始我认为以下方法也是对的：

#include <stdio.h>
#define PPP printf("what does it for?\n");

void main() {

    int* a[2];
    a[0] = {8, 99, 10};
    a[1] = {11, 22, 33, 44};

    printf("a[1]:%d\n", a[1][1]);
}

因为我认为直接将一个数组的值传给数组，其实只是将第一个数的地址传了过去。但这样传的话，实际上只是将数组传了过去，并不是只传了地址。

另外一个困惑点在这里，以下代码在运行时没有错误：

#include <stdio.h>
#define PPP printf("what does it for?\n");

static int* daytab[2];
static int a[] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
static int b[] = {0, 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};

void main() {
    daytab[0] = a;
    daytab[1] = b;
    printf("a[1]:%d\n", daytab[1][1]);
}

 而将main函数中的前两行移出来后就会报错

#include <stdio.h>
#define PPP printf("what does it for?\n");

static int* daytab[2];
static int a[] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
static int b[] = {0, 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
    daytab[0] = a;
    daytab[1] = b;

void main() {
    printf("a[1]:%d\n", daytab[1][1]);
}

 

似乎原因是不能在函数之外进行运算，最多只能进行初始化和赋值运算。具体原因没有搞懂。

下面是没有错的习题答案，我暂时将赋值运算放到主函数中了。

#include <stdio.h>
#define PPP printf("what does it for?\n");

int* daytab[2];
int a[] = {0, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};

int b[] = {0, 31, 29, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};

int day_of_year(int year, int month, int day) {

	int i, leap;

	if (year < 0) {
		printf("Error: invalid year input\n");
		return -1;
	}
	if (month > 12 || month < 1) {
		printf("Error: invalid month input\n");
		return -1;
	}
	leap = year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 ||
			year % 400 == 0;
	if (day < 0 || day > daytab[leap][month]) {
		printf("Error: invalid day input\n");
		return -1;
	}
	for (i = 1; i < month; i++) {
		day += daytab[leap][i];
		printf("dattab:[%d][%d]:%d\n", leap, i, daytab[leap][i]);
	}
	return day;
}

int month_day(int year, int yearday, int *pmonth, int *pday) {

	int i, leap;

	if (year < 0) {
		printf("Error: invalid year input\n");
		return -1;
	}
	leap = year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
	if (yearday < 1 || yearday > 365 + leap) {
		printf("Error: invalid year day input\n");
		return -1;
	}
	for (i = 1; yearday > daytab[leap][i]; i++)
		yearday -= daytab[leap][i];
	*pmonth = i;
	*pday = yearday;

	return 1;
}

int main() {

	int choice;
	int year, month, day, day_of_month, yearday, ret;
	int pmonth, pday;

	daytab[0] = a;
	daytab[1] = b;
	
	printf("%d\n", daytab[1][2]);
	printf("This program is intended to display day of the year,\n"
			"or the exact month and day of the year.\n"
			"Choose '1': Input year, month, day of the month,\n"
			"and it'll automatically show the day of year.\n"
			"Choose '2': Input day_of_year, and it'll display\n"
			"month and day_of_month.\n");
	printf("input function choice:\n");
	printf("1. day of year\n2. month and day of month\n");
	scanf("%d", &choice);

	switch(choice) {
		case 1:
			printf("year:\n");
			scanf("%d", &year);
			printf("month:\n");
			scanf("%d", &month);
			printf("day:\n");
			scanf("%d", &day);
			ret = day_of_year(year, month, day);
			if (ret == -1)
				break;
			printf("The day of year is: %d\n", ret);
			break;
		case 2:
			printf("Input the year:\n");
			scanf("%d", &year);
			printf("The day of year:\n");
			scanf("%d", &yearday);
			ret = month_day(year, yearday, &pmonth, &pday);
			if (ret == -1)
				break;
			printf("month and day: %d.%d\n", pmonth, pday);
			break;
		default:
			printf("Unknown instruction, program exits..\n");
			break;
	}

	return 1;
}