java压缩图片的三种方法:按原比例压缩到指定大小以内；压缩到指定宽高；通过压缩基数和压缩比例按原比例压缩。

package com.goldgrid.util;

import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder;

public class CompressPic {
	/**
	 * 按原比例压缩到指定大小以内（略小）
	 * @param srcPath 源图片地址
	 * @param targetPath  压缩后地址
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public String CompressPicture(String srcPath,String targetPath) throws Exception {
		double cutPercent=0.1;
		File file=new File(srcPath);
		BufferedImage bufferedImage=ImageIO.read(new FileInputStream(file));
		int width=bufferedImage.getWidth(null);
		int height=bufferedImage.getHeight(null);
		long fileLength=file.length();
		while((fileLength/1024)>=300) {
			width=(int)(width*(1-cutPercent));
			height=(int)(height*(1-cutPercent));
			BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
			tag.getGraphics().drawImage(bufferedImage, 0, 0, width, height, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
			FileOutputStream deskImage = new FileOutputStream(targetPath); // 输出到文件流
			JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(deskImage);
			encoder.encode(tag); // 近JPEG编码
			deskImage.close();
			
			File file1=new File(targetPath);
			BufferedImage bufferedImage1=ImageIO.read(new FileInputStream(file1));
			width=bufferedImage1.getWidth(null);
			height=bufferedImage1.getHeight(null);
			fileLength=file1.length();
		}
			
		return targetPath;
	}
	
	
	
	
	
	  /**
     * 指定图片宽度和高度和压缩比例对图片进行压缩
     * 
     * @param imgsrc
     *            源图片地址
     * @param imgdist
     *            目标图片地址
     * @param widthdist
     *            压缩后图片的宽度
     * @param heightdist
     *            压缩后图片的高度
     * @param rate
     *            压缩的比例
     */
    public static String reduceImg(String imgsrc, String imgdist, int widthdist, int heightdist, Float rate) {
        try {
            File srcfile = new File(imgsrc);
            // 检查图片文件是否存在
            if (!srcfile.exists()) {
                System.out.println("文件不存在");
            }
            // 如果比例不为空则说明是按比例压缩
            if (rate != null && rate > 0) {
                //获得源图片的宽高存入数组中
                int[] results = getImgWidthHeight(srcfile);
                if (results == null || results[0] == 0 || results[1] == 0) {
                    return null;
                } else {
                    //按比例缩放或扩大图片大小，将浮点型转为整型
                    widthdist = (int) (results[0] * rate);
                    heightdist = (int) (results[1] * rate);
                }
            }
            // 开始读取文件并进行压缩
            Image src = ImageIO.read(srcfile);

            // 构造一个类型为预定义图像类型之一的 BufferedImage
            BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage((int) widthdist, (int) heightdist, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);

            //绘制图像  getScaledInstance表示创建此图像的缩放版本，返回一个新的缩放版本Image,按指定的width,height呈现图像
            //Image.SCALE_SMOOTH,选择图像平滑度比缩放速度具有更高优先级的图像缩放算法。
            tag.getGraphics().drawImage(src.getScaledInstance(widthdist, heightdist, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH), 0, 0, null);

            //创建文件输出流
            FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(imgdist);
            //将图片按JPEG压缩，保存到out中
            JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(out);
            encoder.encode(tag);
            //关闭文件输出流
            out.close();
        } catch (Exception ef) {
            ef.printStackTrace();
        }
		return imgdist;
    }

    /**
     * 获取图片宽度和高度
     * 
     * @param 图片路径
     * @return 返回图片的宽度
     */
    public static int[] getImgWidthHeight(File file) {
        InputStream is = null;
        BufferedImage src = null;
        int result[] = { 0, 0 };
        try {
            // 获得文件输入流
            is = new FileInputStream(file);
            // 从流里将图片写入缓冲图片区
            src = ImageIO.read(is);
            result[0] =src.getWidth(null); // 得到源图片宽
            result[1] =src.getHeight(null);// 得到源图片高
            is.close();  //关闭输入流
        } catch (Exception ef) {
            ef.printStackTrace();
        }

        return result;
    }	
	
	
	
	 /**
     * 等比例压缩算法： 
     * 算法思想：根据压缩基数和压缩比来压缩原图，生产一张图片效果最接近原图的缩略图,宽高按原比例
     * @param srcURL 原图地址
     * @param deskURL 缩略图地址
     * @param comBase 压缩基数,或是宽或是高中的一个
     * @param scale 压缩限制(宽/高)比例  一般用1：
     * 当scale>=1,缩略图height=comBase,width按原图宽高比例;若scale<1,缩略图width=comBase,height按原图宽高比例
     * @throws Exception
     * @author shenbin
     * @createTime 2014-12-16
     * @lastModifyTime 2014-12-16
     */
    public static String saveMinPhoto(String srcURL, String deskURL, double comBase,
            double scale) throws Exception {
        File srcFile = new java.io.File(srcURL);
        Image src = ImageIO.read(srcFile);
        int srcHeight = src.getHeight(null);
        int srcWidth = src.getWidth(null);
        int deskHeight = 0;// 缩略图高
        int deskWidth = 0;// 缩略图宽
        double srcScale = (double) srcHeight / srcWidth;
        /**缩略图宽高算法*/
        if ((double) srcHeight > comBase || (double) srcWidth > comBase) {
            if (srcScale >= scale || 1 / srcScale > scale) {
                if (srcScale > scale) {
                    deskHeight = (int) comBase;
                    deskWidth = srcWidth * deskHeight / srcHeight;
                }else if(srcScale ==scale){
                	deskHeight = 2000;
                    deskWidth = 2000;
                } else {
                    deskWidth = (int) comBase;
                    deskHeight = srcHeight * deskWidth / srcWidth;
                }
            } else {
                if ((double) srcHeight > comBase) {
                    deskHeight = (int) comBase;
                    deskWidth = srcWidth * deskHeight / srcHeight;
                } else {
                    deskWidth = (int) comBase;
                    deskHeight = srcHeight * deskWidth / srcWidth;
                }
            }
        } else {
            deskHeight = srcHeight;
            deskWidth = srcWidth;
        }
        BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(deskWidth, deskHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
        tag.getGraphics().drawImage(src, 0, 0, deskWidth, deskHeight, null); //绘制缩小后的图
        FileOutputStream deskImage = new FileOutputStream(deskURL); //输出到文件流
        JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(deskImage);
        encoder.encode(tag); //近JPEG编码
        deskImage.close();
		return deskURL;
    }
    
    
    
  

   /* public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        File srcfile = new File("d:/ZTestForWork/csj.jpg"); 
        File distfile = new File("d:/ZTestForWork/zipedcsj.jpg");
        
        System.out.println("压缩前图片大小：" + srcfile.length());
        String imgdist=reduceImg("d:/ZTestForWork/test.jpg", "d:/ZTestForWork/test.jpg", 200, 240, null);
        System.out.println("压缩后图片大小：" + distfile.length());
        System.out.println("压缩后的路径为："+imgdist);

    }*/

    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
    	File file=new File("d:/ZTestForWork/i.jpg");
    	BufferedImage bufferedImage=ImageIO.read(new FileInputStream(file));
    	System.out.println(file.length());
    	int width=bufferedImage.getWidth(null);
    	int height=bufferedImage.getHeight(null);
    	System.out.println("压缩前图片的宽为："+width);
    	System.out.println("压缩前图片的高为："+height);
    	CompressPic.saveMinPhoto("d:/ZTestForWork/i.jpg", "d:/ZTestForWork/zipi.jpg",2500, 1);
       /* String imgdist=reduceImg("d:/ZTestForWork/d.jpg", "d:/ZTestForWork/zipd.jpg", 1600, 1920, null);*/
    	File file1=new File("d:/ZTestForWork/zipi.jpg");
    	BufferedImage bufferedImage1=ImageIO.read(new FileInputStream(file1));
    	System.out.println(file1.length());
    	int width1=bufferedImage1.getWidth(null);
    	int height1=bufferedImage1.getHeight(null);
    	System.out.println("压缩后图片的宽为："+width1);
    	System.out.println("压缩后图片的高为："+height1);
    }

}