浅谈Ruby on Rails - Rails 在服务器上的部署 （转）

--最近准备开发部署RoR，转一篇文章备用

     可以毫不夸张地说，服务器应用的部署是整个开发周期中难度最大的任务之一。且不说要如何使得应用可扩展性好、系统吞吐量大、稳定性好...单只让应用run起来，就不是一件很简单的事情。Rails作为一个Web应用框架，几乎是最大程度地减轻了开发人员的负担：安装Ruby运行环境、Rails和所需使用的数据库服务器之后，开发人员就可以开始用Rails自带的WEBrick服务器进行开发和调试了，基本上不需要对环境作太多的配置(当然，如果需要使用一些Ruby或者Rails的第三方库，自然是需要额外安装等)。然而到了将应用部署到实际环境中的时候，我们就要接触到繁杂的部署过程了，这时候，只靠官方的文档，往往是不够的，一般还要加上Google和最重要的，耐心。

好，在部署之前，我们看看Rails应用可以在什么环境下部署：

通常来说，比较一下上面的表格，我们会很自然地选择lighttpd-fcgi这种方案来部署我们的应用，soopie正是选用了这一方案。

接下来我们给出Rails应用在Linux服务器上部署的基本过程：

• 所需要的软件包：

• • lighttpd-1.4.10.tar.gz
  • fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz
  • ruby-1.8.4.tar.gz
  • rubygems-0.8.11.tgz
  • ruby-fcgi-0.8.6.tgz

• 安装步骤：
  • 安装Ruby
  • 安装rubygems
  • 安装ruby-fcgi
  • 安装rails，用命令行命令 gem install rails
  • 安装lighttpd(创建用户www和组www, 创建目录/var/lighty作为文档根目录, /var/lighty/logs作为日志目录)
  • 最关键的步骤：在lighttpd的配置文件(默认是/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf)中配置rails应用支持。这里给出一个配置文件的完整例子(用Virtual host 方式配置，容易支持一个主机上多个rails应用)：更详细的信息可以参考这里。
    

    # lighttpd configuration file # # use it as a base for lighttpd 1.0.0 and above # # $Id: lighttpd.conf,v 1.7 2004/11/03 22:26:05 weigon Exp $ ############ Options you really have to take care of #################### server.modules = ( "mod_rewrite", "mod_access", "mod_fastcgi", "mod_simple_vhost", "mod_evhost", "mod_accesslog" ) ## a static document-root, for virtual-hosting take look at the ## server.virtual-* options server.document-root = "/var/lighty/cartrain/public" ## where to send error-messages to server.errorlog = "/var/lighty/logs/lighttpd.error.log" # files to check for if .../ is requested #index-file.names = ( "index.php", "index.html", # "index.htm", "default.htm" ) ## set the event-handler (read the performance section in the manual) # server.event-handler = "freebsd-kqueue" # needed on OS X # mimetype mapping mimetype.assign = ( ".pdf" => "application/pdf", ".sig" => "application/pgp-signature", ".spl" => "application/futuresplash", ".class" => "application/octet-stream", ".ps" => "application/postscript", ".torrent" => "application/x-bittorrent", ".dvi" => "application/x-dvi", ".gz" => "application/x-gzip", ".pac" => "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig", ".swf" => "application/x-shockwave-flash", ".tar.gz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tgz" => "application/x-tgz", ".tar" => "application/x-tar", ".zip" => "application/zip", ".mp3" => "audio/mpeg", ".m3u" => "audio/x-mpegurl", ".wma" => "audio/x-ms-wma", ".wax" => "audio/x-ms-wax", ".ogg" => "application/ogg", ".wav" => "audio/x-wav", ".gif" => "image/gif", ".jpg" => "image/jpeg", ".jpeg" => "image/jpeg", ".png" => "image/png", ".xbm" => "image/x-xbitmap", ".xpm" => "image/x-xpixmap", ".xwd" => "image/x-xwindowdump", ".css" => "text/css", ".html" => "text/html", ".htm" => "text/html", ".js" => "text/javascript", ".asc" => "text/plain", ".c" => "text/plain", ".cpp" => "text/plain", ".log" => "text/plain", ".conf" => "text/plain", ".text" => "text/plain", ".txt" => "text/plain", ".dtd" => "text/xml", ".xml" => "text/xml", ".mpeg" => "video/mpeg", ".mpg" => "video/mpeg", ".mov" => "video/quicktime", ".qt" => "video/quicktime", ".avi" => "video/x-msvideo", ".asf" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".asx" => "video/x-ms-asf", ".wmv" => "video/x-ms-wmv", ".bz2" => "application/x-bzip", ".tbz" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar", ".tar.bz2" => "application/x-bzip-compressed-tar" ) # Use the "Content-Type" extended attribute to obtain mime type if possible #mimetype.use-xattr = "enable" ## send a different Server: header ## be nice and keep it at lighttpd # server.tag = "lighttpd" #### accesslog module accesslog.filename = "/var/lighty/logs/access.log" ## deny access the file-extensions # # ~ is for backupfiles from vi, emacs, joe, ... # .inc is often used for code includes which should in general not be part # of the document-root url.access-deny = ( "~", ".inc" ) $HTTP["url"] =~ "\.pdf$" { server.range-requests = "disable" } ## # which extensions should not be handle via static-file transfer # # .php, .pl, .fcgi are most often handled by mod_fastcgi or mod_cgi static-file.exclude-extensions = ( ".php", ".pl", ".fcgi" ) ######### Options that are good to be but not neccesary to be changed ####### ## bind to port (default: 80) server.port = 80 var.osapp = "/var/lighty/cartrain" $HTTP["host"] == "cu.ttthree.com"{ server.document-root = var.osapp + "/public" server.error-handler-404="/dispatch.fcgi" fastcgi.server = ( ".fcgi" => ( "localhost" => ( "min-procs" => 2, "max-procs" => 2, "socket" => "/tmp/mycoolapp.fcgi.socket", "bin-path" => var.osapp+ "/public/dispatch.fcgi", "bin-environment" => ( "RAILS_ENV" => "development" ) ) ) ) } url.rewrite = ( "^/([\-_a-zA-Z0-9]+)/([\-_a-zA-Z0-9]+)/([\-_a-zA-Z0-9%]+)\??([\-_a-zA-Z0-9=&%]*)$" => "/dispatch.fcgi?controller=$1&action=$2&id=$3&$4", "^/([\-_a-zA-Z0-9]+)/([\-_a-zA-Z0-9]+)/?\??([\-_a-zA-Z0-9=&%]*)$" => "/dispatch.fcgi?controller=$1&action=$2&$3", "^/([\-_a-zA-Z0-9]+)/?\??([\-_a-zA-Z0-9=&%]*)$" => "/dispatch.fcgi?controller=$1&action=index&$2" )