JAVA - Lambda表达式

Lambda表达式
Lambda表达式可以看成是匿名内部类,Lambda 允许把函数作为一个方法的参数（函数作为方法参数传递），将代码像数据一样传递，使用 Lambda 表达式可以使代码变的更加简洁紧凑。

​ Lambda表达需要函数式接口的支持。

​ 基本语法：

 <函数式接口>  <变量名> = (参数1，参数2...) -> {
                    //方法体
 };

案例1：

//匿名内部类
		Runnable r=new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				System.out.println("hello");
			}
		};
//lambda表达式
Runnable r2=()->System.out.println("hello");

案例2：

//匿名内部类
		Comparator<String> comparator=new Comparator<String>() {

			@Override
			public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				return o1.length()-o2.length();
			}
		};
		TreeSet<String> treeSet=new TreeSet<String>(comparator);
//lambda表达式
		TreeSet<String> treeSet2=new TreeSet<>((o1,o2)->o1.length()-o2.length());

为什么使用lambda表达式

​ 需求1：有一个员工集合，获取年龄大于25的员工信息

package com.qf.day15_3;

public class Employee {
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private double salary;
	public Employee() {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	
	public Employee(String name, int age, double salary) {
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
		this.salary=salary;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	public double getSalary() {
		return salary;
	}

	public void setSalary(double salary) {
		this.salary = salary;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Employee [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", salary=" + salary + "]";
	}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
		List<Employee> employees=new ArrayList<>();
		employees.add(new Employee("xxx", 30, 10000));
		employees.add(new Employee("yyy", 29, 8000));
		employees.add(new Employee("zzz", 22, 12000));
		employees.add(new Employee("张三", 21, 20000));
		employees.add(new Employee("李四", 32, 22000));
		
		List<Employee> list = filterEmployee(employees);
		for (Employee emp : list) {
			System.out.println(emp.toString());
		}
	}
	public static List<Employee> filterEmployee(List<Employee> employees) {
		List<Employee> list=new ArrayList<>();
		for (Employee e : employees) {
			if(e.getAge()>=25) {
				list.add(e);
			}
		}
		return list;
	}

需求2：获取工资大于10000的员工信息

public static List<Employee> filterEmployee2(List<Employee> employees) {
		List<Employee> list=new ArrayList<>();
		for (Employee e : employees) {
			if(e.getSalary()>=10000) {
				list.add(e);
			}
		}
		return list;
}

问题:如果再添加类似需求，需要再添加一个方法。如何解决？

1.使用策略设计模式

package com.qf.day15_3;
/**
*定义一个接口
*/
public interface MyPredicate<T> {
	boolean test(T t);
}

//两个实现类
package com.qf.day15_3;
//按照年龄过滤
class FilterEmployeeByAge implements MyPredicate<Employee>{

	@Override
	public boolean test(Employee t) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return t.getAge()>=25;
	}

}
//按照工资过滤
class FilterEmployeeBySalary implements MyPredicate<Employee>{

	@Override
	public boolean test(Employee t) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return t.getSalary()>=10000;
	}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {
		List<Employee> employees=new ArrayList<>();
		employees.add(new Employee("xxx", 30, 10000));
		employees.add(new Employee("yyy", 29, 8000));
		employees.add(new Employee("zzz", 22, 12000));
		employees.add(new Employee("张三", 21, 20000));
		employees.add(new Employee("李四", 32, 22000));
		//按照年龄过滤
		System.out.println("-------------按照年龄过滤--------------");
		List<Employee> list=filterEmployee(employees,new FilterEmployeeByAge());
		for (Employee employee : list) {
			System.out.println(employee.toString());
		}
		System.out.println("-------------按照工资过滤--------------");
		//按照工资过滤
		List<Employee> list2=filterEmployee(employees,new FilterEmployeeBySalary());
		for (Employee employee : list2) {
			System.out.println(employee.toString());
		}
	}
	
	public static List<Employee> filterEmployee(List<Employee> employees,MyPredicate<Employee> predicate) {
		List<Employee> list=new ArrayList<>();
		for (Employee e : employees) {
			if(predicate.test(e)) {
				list.add(e);
			}
		}
		return list;
	}

2：使用Lambada表达式优化策略模式。

public static void main(String[] args) {
		List<Employee> employees=new ArrayList<>();
		employees.add(new Employee("xxx", 30, 10000));
		employees.add(new Employee("yyy", 29, 8000));
		employees.add(new Employee("zzz", 22, 12000));
		employees.add(new Employee("张三", 21, 20000));
		employees.add(new Employee("李四", 32, 22000));
		//按照年龄过滤
		System.out.println("-------------按照年龄过滤--------------");
		List<Employee> list=filterEmployee(employees,(e)->e.getAge()>=25);
		for (Employee employee : list) {
			System.out.println(employee.toString());
		}
		System.out.println("-------------按照工资过滤--------------");
		//按照工资过滤
		List<Employee> list2=filterEmployee(employees,(e)->e.getSalary()>=10000);
		for (Employee employee : list2) {
			System.out.println(employee.toString());
		}
	}
	
	public static List<Employee> filterEmployee(List<Employee> employees,MyPredicate<Employee> predicate) {
		List<Employee> list=new ArrayList<>();
		for (Employee e : employees) {
			if(predicate.test(e)) {
				list.add(e);
			}
		}
		return list;
	}

3：使用Stream API再优化lambda表达式

public static void main(String[] args) {
		List<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>();
		employees.add(new Employee("xxx", 30, 10000));
		employees.add(new Employee("yyy", 29, 8000));
		employees.add(new Employee("zzz", 22, 12000));
		employees.add(new Employee("张三", 21, 20000));
		employees.add(new Employee("李四", 32, 22000));
		// 按照年龄过滤
		System.out.println("-------------按照年龄过滤--------------");
		employees
			.stream()
			.filter((e) -> e.getAge() >= 25)
			.forEach(System.out::println);
		// 按照工资过滤
		System.out.println("-------------按照工资过滤--------------");
		employees
			.stream()
			.filter((e) -> e.getSalary() >= 10000)
			.forEach(System.out::println);

	}

使用lambda表达式注意事项

Lambda引入了新的操作符:->(箭头操作符),->将表达式分成两部分
左侧：(参数1，参数2…)表示参数列表；
右侧：{}内部是方法体 

1、形参列表的数据类型会自动推断； 
2、如果形参列表为空，只需保留()； 
3、如果形参只有1个，()可以省略，只需要参数的名称即可； 
4、如果执行语句只有1句，且无返回值，{}可以省略，若有返回值，则若想省去{}，则必须同时省略return，且执行语句也保证只有1句； 
5、lambda不会生成一个单独的内部类文件； 
6、lambda表达式若访问了局部变量，则局部变量必须是final的，若是局部变量没有加final关键字，系统会自动添加，此后在修改该局部变量，会报错。