广播
广播很简单,原理不解释了,这里实现的重点在于:
1.对服务器端的套接字使用setsockopt函数开放广播权限
2.指定要发送的IP(广播地址)+端口号
3.客户端必须显式绑定端口号(和2的端口号要一样)
例子:
server.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#define SERVER_PORT 8000 /* 无关紧要 */
#define MAXLINE 1500
#define BROADCAST_IP "192.168.127.255"
#define CLIENT_PORT 9000 /* 重要 */
int main(void)
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in serveraddr, clientaddr;
char buf[MAXLINE];
/* 构造用于UDP通信的套接字 */
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
bzero(&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET; /* IPv4 */
serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); /* 本地任意IP INADDR_ANY = 0 */
serveraddr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
int flag = 1;
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &flag, sizeof(flag));//给sockfd开放广播权限
/*构造 client 地址 IP+端口 192.168.7.255+9000 */
bzero(&clientaddr, sizeof(clientaddr));
clientaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, BROADCAST_IP, &clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
clientaddr.sin_port = htons(CLIENT_PORT);
int i = 0;
while (1) {
sprintf(buf, "Drink %d glasses of water\n", i++);
//fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin);
sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clientaddr, sizeof(clientaddr));//发送给192.168.7.255+9000
sleep(1);
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
client.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define SERVER_PORT 8000
#define MAXLINE 4096
#define CLIENT_PORT 9000
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in localaddr;
int confd;
ssize_t len;
char buf[MAXLINE];
//1.创建一个socket
confd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
//2.初始化本地端地址
bzero(&localaddr, sizeof(localaddr));
localaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "0.0.0.0" , &localaddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
localaddr.sin_port = htons(CLIENT_PORT);
int ret = bind(confd, (struct sockaddr *)&localaddr, sizeof(localaddr)); //显式绑定不能省略
if (ret == 0)
printf("...bind ok...\n");
while (1) {
len = recvfrom(confd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, NULL, 0);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, len);
}
close(confd);
return 0;
}
组播
组播组可以是永久的也可以是临时的。组播组地址中,有一部分由官方分配的,称为永久组播组。永久组播组保持不变的是它的ip地址,组中的成员构成可以发生变化。永久组播组中成员的数量都可以是任意的,甚至可以为零。那些没有保留下来供永久组播组使用的ip组播地址,可以被临时组播组利用。
224.0.0.0~224.0.0.255 为预留的组播地址(永久组地址),地址224.0.0.0保留不做分配,其它地址供路由协议使用;
224.0.1.0~224.0.1.255 是公用组播地址,可以用于Internet;欲使用需申请。
224.0.2.0~238.255.255.255 为用户可用的组播地址(临时组地址),全网范围内有效;
239.0.0.0~239.255.255.255 为本地管理组播地址,仅在特定的本地范围内有效。
可使用ip ad
命令查看网卡编号,如:
查看等会要用到的一个结构体的定义:
grep "struct ip_mreqn {" -r /usr/include/ -n
例子:
注意,服务器使用setsockopt函数开放组播权限,客户端使用setsockopt函数加入或退出组播组。
server.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#define SERVER_PORT 8000
#define CLIENT_PORT 9000
#define MAXLINE 1500
#define GROUP "239.0.0.2"
int main(void)
{
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in serveraddr, clientaddr;
char buf[MAXLINE];
struct ip_mreqn group;
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); /* 构造用于UDP通信的套接字 */
bzero(&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
serveraddr.sin_family = AF_INET; /* IPv4 */
serveraddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); /* 本地任意IP INADDR_ANY = 0 */
serveraddr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serveraddr, sizeof(serveraddr));
inet_pton(AF_INET, GROUP, &group.imr_multiaddr.s_addr); /* 设置组地址 */
inet_pton(AF_INET, "0.0.0.0", &group.imr_address); /* 本地任意IP */
group.imr_ifindex = if_nametoindex("ens32"); /* 给出网卡名,转换为对应编号: ens32 --> 编号 命令:ip ad */
setsockopt(sockfd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &group.imr_multiaddr.s_addr, sizeof(group.imr_multiaddr.s_addr)); /* 对sockfd开放组播权限 */
bzero(&clientaddr, sizeof(clientaddr)); /* 构造 client 地址 IP+端口 */
clientaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, GROUP, &clientaddr.sin_addr.s_addr); /* IPv4 239.0.0.2+9000 */
clientaddr.sin_port = htons(CLIENT_PORT);
int i = 0;
while (1) {
sprintf(buf, "shenhang %d\n", i++);
//fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin);
sendto(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clientaddr, sizeof(clientaddr));
sleep(1);
}
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}
client.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#define CLIENT_PORT 9000
#define GROUP "239.0.0.2"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct sockaddr_in localaddr;
int confd;
ssize_t len;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
struct ip_mreqn group; /* 组播结构体 */
confd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
bzero(&localaddr, sizeof(localaddr)); /* 初始化 */
localaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
inet_pton(AF_INET, "0.0.0.0" , &localaddr.sin_addr.s_addr);
localaddr.sin_port = htons(CLIENT_PORT);
bind(confd, (struct sockaddr *)&localaddr, sizeof(localaddr));
inet_pton(AF_INET, GROUP, &group.imr_multiaddr.s_addr); /* 设置组地址 */
inet_pton(AF_INET, "0.0.0.0", &group.imr_address); /* 使用本地任意IP添加到组播组 */
group.imr_ifindex = if_nametoindex("ens32"); /* 通过网卡名-->编号 ip ad */
setsockopt(confd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, &group, sizeof(group));/* 设置client 加入多播组 */
while (1) {
len = recvfrom(confd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, NULL, 0);
write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, len);
}
close(confd);
return 0;
}