Exception.h
#ifndef MUDUO_BASE_EXCEPTION_H
#define MUDUO_BASE_EXCEPTION_H
#include <muduo/base/Types.h>
#include <exception>
namespace muduo
{
class Exception : public std::exception
{
public:
explicit Exception(const char* what);
explicit Exception(const string& what);
virtual ~Exception() throw();
virtual const char* what() const throw();
const char* stackTrace() const throw();
private:
void fillStackTrace();
string message_;
string stack_;
};
}
#endif // MUDUO_BASE_EXCEPTION_H
Exception.cc
#include <muduo/base/Exception.h>
#include <cxxabi.h>
#include <execinfo.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace muduo;
Exception::Exception(const char* msg)
: message_(msg)
{
fillStackTrace();
}
Exception::Exception(const string& msg)
: message_(msg)
{
fillStackTrace();
}
Exception::~Exception() throw ()
{
}
const char* Exception::what() const throw()
{
return message_.c_str();
}
const char* Exception::stackTrace() const throw()
{
return stack_.c_str();
}
void Exception::fillStackTrace()
{
const int len = 200;
void* buffer[len];
int nptrs = ::backtrace(buffer, len);
char** strings = ::backtrace_symbols(buffer, nptrs);
if (strings)
{
for (int i = 0; i < nptrs; ++i)
{
// TODO demangle funcion name with abi::__cxa_demangle
stack_.append(strings[i]);
stack_.push_back('\n');
}
free(strings);
}
}
最关键的就是fillStackTrace函数的代码实现,下面进行详细分析。
用man page看backtrace和backtrace_symbols函数(养成看英文手册的习惯):
int backtrace(void **buffer, int size);
char **backtrace_symbols(void *const *buffer, int size);
backtrace的作用是栈回溯,保存各个栈帧的地址,地址的类型为void* ,保存到指针数组buffer中,size是buffer数组的大小,返回值是buffer中的实际元素个数;
backtrace_symbols的作用就是根据地址,转换成相应的函数符号,返回值是一个二重指针,指向一个通过动态分配内存得到的字符串数组,所以使用完后要手动释放内存;
这样再去看源码就很好看懂了。
测试程序Exception_test.cc
#include <muduo/base/Exception.h>
#include <stdio.h>
class Bar
{
public:
void test()
{
throw muduo::Exception("oops");
}
};
void foo()
{
Bar b;
b.test();
}
int main()
{
try
{
foo();
}
catch (const muduo::Exception& ex)
{
printf("reason: %s\n", ex.what());
printf("stack trace: %s\n", ex.stackTrace());
}
}
而abi::__cxa_demangle的作用其实就是把函数进行重命名后再打印,方便阅读,不是很重要。