UVA 11181 - Probability|Given

条件概率。


求出所有可能的概率的和p。 然后求 某一个人买东西的 概率 pi   用  pi / p 就OK了。 


这个地方就是 回溯  来表示 某个人是否买了东西。 


简单的回溯。


#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
typedef unsigned long long ull;
#define maxn 1000+10
#define INF 1<<30
double s[maxn];
int vis[maxn];
double af[maxn];
int n,r;
double tot;
int dfs(int a){
    if(a == n){
        int num = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < n ; i ++)
            if(vis[i])
                num++;
        if(num != r)
            return 1;
        double sum = 1;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
            if(vis[i]) {sum *= s[i];}
            else sum *= (1 - s[i]);
        }
        tot += sum;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            if(vis[i])
                af[i] += sum;
    }
    else {
            for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
                vis[a] = i;
                dfs(a+1);
            }
    }
}
int main (){
    int counts = 0;
    while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&r)){
        if(n == 0 && r ==0)
        break;
        memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
        memset(s,0,sizeof(s));
        memset(af,0,sizeof(af));
        tot = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            scanf("%lf",&s[i]);
        for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
            vis[0] = i;
            dfs(1);
        }
        printf("Case %d:\n",++counts);
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
            printf("%.6lf\n",af[i]/tot);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

  

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要使用遗传算法求解函数的最小值,可以按照以下步骤进行编写代码: 1. 定义适应度函数:根据给定的函数表达式,计算适应度函数的值。适应度函数的值越小,表示个体的适应度越高。 ```python def fitness_function(x): x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7 = x y = 100 / (abs(x1 + 1) + abs(x2) + abs(x3 - 1) + abs(x4 + 2) + abs(x5 + 3) + abs(x6 - 2) + abs(x7 - 3) + 1) return y ``` 2. 初始化种群:随机生成一组个体作为初始种群。 ```python import random def initialize_population(population_size, chromosome_length): population = [] for _ in range(population_size): individual = [random.uniform(-10, 10) for _ in range(chromosome_length)] population.append(individual) return population ``` 3. 选择操作:使用轮盘赌选择算法,根据个体的适应度选择一部分个体作为下一代的父代。 ```python def selection(population, fitness_values): total_fitness = sum(fitness_values) probabilities = [fitness / total_fitness for fitness in fitness_values] selected_population = [] for _ in range(len(population)): r = random.random() cumulative_probability = 0 for i, probability in enumerate(probabilities): cumulative_probability += probability if r <= cumulative_probability: selected_population.append(population[i]) break return selected_population ``` 4. 交叉操作:使用单点交叉算法,对父代个体进行交叉操作生成子代个体。 ```python def crossover(parent1, parent2): crossover_point = random.randint(1, len(parent1) - 1) child1 = parent1[:crossover_point] + parent2[crossover_point:] child2 = parent2[:crossover_point] + parent1[crossover_point:] return child1, child2 ``` 5. 变异操作:对子代个体进行变异操作,增加种群的多样性。 ```python def mutation(individual, mutation_rate): mutated_individual = individual.copy() for i in range(len(mutated_individual)): if random.random() < mutation_rate: mutated_individual[i] = random.uniform(-10, 10) return mutated_individual ``` 6. 遗传算法主程序:根据上述操作,进行遗传算法的迭代过程。 ```python def genetic_algorithm(population_size, chromosome_length, generations, mutation_rate): population = initialize_population(population_size, chromosome_length) for _ in range(generations): fitness_values = [fitness_function(individual) for individual in population] selected_population = selection(population, fitness_values) new_population = [] while len(new_population) < population_size: parent1 = random.choice(selected_population) parent2 = random.choice(selected_population) child1, child2 = crossover(parent1, parent2) mutated_child1 = mutation(child1, mutation_rate) mutated_child2 = mutation(child2, mutation_rate) new_population.extend([mutated_child1, mutated_child2]) population = new_population best_individual = max(population, key=fitness_function) best_fitness = fitness_function(best_individual) return best_individual, best_fitness ``` 7. 调用遗传算法函数并输出结果。 ```python population_size = 100 chromosome_length = 7 generations = 100 mutation_rate = 0.01 best_individual, best_fitness = genetic_algorithm(population_size, chromosome_length, generations, mutation_rate) print("最优个体:", best_individual) print("最优适应度:", best_fitness) ``` 这样就可以使用遗传算法求解给定函数的最小值了。
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