uva 11181 - Probability|Given(概率)

题目链接:uva 11181 - Probability|Given


题目大意:有n个人去超市买东西,给出r,每个人买东西的概率是p[i],当有r个人买东西的时候,第i个人恰好买东西的概率。


解题思路:dfs思路很简单,主要注意说ans[i] / P, (P为n个人中买东西的人数为r的事件发生的概率)。


#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
const int N = 30;

int n;
double p[N], ans[N];

double dfs(int c, int k, double pi) {
	if (c > n) return k ? 0 : pi;

	double sum = 0;
	if (k) {
		sum += dfs(c + 1, k - 1, pi * p[c]);
		ans[c] += sum;
	}

	sum += dfs(c + 1, k, pi * (1 - p[c]));
	return sum;
}

int main () {
	int r, cas = 1;
	while (scanf("%d%d", &n, &r), n + r) {
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
			scanf("%lf", &p[i]);
		memset(ans, 0, sizeof(ans));

		printf("Case %d:\n", cas++);
		double P = dfs(1, r, 1);

		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
			printf("%.6lf\n", ans[i] / P);
	}
	return 0;
}


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要使用遗传算法求解函数的最小值,可以按照以下步骤进行编写代码: 1. 定义适应度函数:根据给定的函数表达式,计算适应度函数的值。适应度函数的值越小,表示个体的适应度越高。 ```python def fitness_function(x): x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7 = x y = 100 / (abs(x1 + 1) + abs(x2) + abs(x3 - 1) + abs(x4 + 2) + abs(x5 + 3) + abs(x6 - 2) + abs(x7 - 3) + 1) return y ``` 2. 初始化种群:随机生成一组个体作为初始种群。 ```python import random def initialize_population(population_size, chromosome_length): population = [] for _ in range(population_size): individual = [random.uniform(-10, 10) for _ in range(chromosome_length)] population.append(individual) return population ``` 3. 选择操作:使用轮盘赌选择算法,根据个体的适应度选择一部分个体作为下一代的父代。 ```python def selection(population, fitness_values): total_fitness = sum(fitness_values) probabilities = [fitness / total_fitness for fitness in fitness_values] selected_population = [] for _ in range(len(population)): r = random.random() cumulative_probability = 0 for i, probability in enumerate(probabilities): cumulative_probability += probability if r <= cumulative_probability: selected_population.append(population[i]) break return selected_population ``` 4. 交叉操作:使用单点交叉算法,对父代个体进行交叉操作生成子代个体。 ```python def crossover(parent1, parent2): crossover_point = random.randint(1, len(parent1) - 1) child1 = parent1[:crossover_point] + parent2[crossover_point:] child2 = parent2[:crossover_point] + parent1[crossover_point:] return child1, child2 ``` 5. 变异操作:对子代个体进行变异操作,增加种群的多样性。 ```python def mutation(individual, mutation_rate): mutated_individual = individual.copy() for i in range(len(mutated_individual)): if random.random() < mutation_rate: mutated_individual[i] = random.uniform(-10, 10) return mutated_individual ``` 6. 遗传算法主程序:根据上述操作,进行遗传算法的迭代过程。 ```python def genetic_algorithm(population_size, chromosome_length, generations, mutation_rate): population = initialize_population(population_size, chromosome_length) for _ in range(generations): fitness_values = [fitness_function(individual) for individual in population] selected_population = selection(population, fitness_values) new_population = [] while len(new_population) < population_size: parent1 = random.choice(selected_population) parent2 = random.choice(selected_population) child1, child2 = crossover(parent1, parent2) mutated_child1 = mutation(child1, mutation_rate) mutated_child2 = mutation(child2, mutation_rate) new_population.extend([mutated_child1, mutated_child2]) population = new_population best_individual = max(population, key=fitness_function) best_fitness = fitness_function(best_individual) return best_individual, best_fitness ``` 7. 调用遗传算法函数并输出结果。 ```python population_size = 100 chromosome_length = 7 generations = 100 mutation_rate = 0.01 best_individual, best_fitness = genetic_algorithm(population_size, chromosome_length, generations, mutation_rate) print("最优个体:", best_individual) print("最优适应度:", best_fitness) ``` 这样就可以使用遗传算法求解给定函数的最小值了。

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