Java多线程

进程：具有一定独立功能的程序关于某个数据集合上的一次运行活动，是系统进行资源分配和调度的一个独立单位

线程：进程的一个实体，是cpu分配调度的基本单位，代码的执行体。

线程的状态图

创建并使用线程

• 学习方法：通过阅读jdk的Thread类注释
• 线程的创建和使用
• 实现thread & runnable
• 误区： start not run
• 线程名字
• 通过Callable和Future创建和使用线程

public class ThreadTest {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        PrimeThread thread = new PrimeThread();
        thread.setName("runnable");
        thread.start();

        Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +
                " runnable run");
        Thread t = new Thread(runnable);
        t.start();
        t.run(); //main

        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }

    static class PrimeThread extends Thread{
        @Override
        public void run(){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Thread run");
        }
    }
}

线程协作

• 线程不被分配资源，资源在进程中，资源是共享的
• 关键字synchronized
• 临界区
• 锁

package thread;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

/**
 * 示例：售票
 */
public class Tickets {

    int tickets = 10;

    /**
     * 重复售票
     */
//    void sell(){
//        while(tickets > 0){
//            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sell ticket:" + tickets);
//            tickets--;
//        }
//        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sell out.");
//    }

    /**
     * sync之后，导致独占资源
     */
//    synchronized void sell(){
//        while(tickets > 0){
//            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sell ticket:" + tickets);
//            tickets--;
//        }
//        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sell out.");
//    }

    /**
     * 改善后，资源没有独占
     */
//    void sell(){
//        while(tickets > 0){
//            synchronized (Tickets.class) {
//                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sell ticket:" + tickets);
//                tickets--;
//            }
//        }
//        //do something
//        try{
//            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(50L);
//        } catch(InterruptedException e){
//           e.printStackTrace();
//        }
//        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sell out.");
//    }

    /**
     * 改善后，资源没有独占，修复卖出无效票的问题
     */
//    void sell(){
//        while(tickets > 0){
//            synchronized (this) {
//                if(tickets > 0) {
//                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sell ticket:" + tickets);
//                    tickets--;
//                }
//            }
//        }
//        //do something
//        try{
//            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(50L);
//        } catch(InterruptedException e){
//            e.printStackTrace();
//        }
//        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sell out.");
//    }

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    /**
     * 使用锁
     */
    void sell(){
        while(tickets > 0){
            lock.lock();
            try{
                if(tickets > 0) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sell ticket:" + tickets);
                    tickets--;
                }
            }finally {
                lock.unlock(); //锁必须在finally块中释放
            }
        }
        //do something
        try{
            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(50L);
        } catch(InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sell out.");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Tickets tickets = new Tickets();

        Thread sellerA = new Thread(tickets::sell);
        sellerA.setName("sellerA");

        Thread sellerB = new Thread(tickets::sell);
        sellerB.setName("sellerB");

        Thread sellerC = new Thread(tickets::sell);
        sellerC.setName("sellerC");

        sellerA.start();
        sellerB.start();
        sellerC.start();
    }
}

线程池

• 池：资源池、连接池、线程池
• 线程开销与线程复用
• 线程池的作用
• 线程池的基本原理

线程池的使用：

• 线程池的构造
• java包中预置的线程池
• java包中预置的线程池的Bug

package thread;

import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class ThreadPool {
    public static void main(String[] args){

        /**
         *  public ThreadExecutor(int corePoolSize,
         *  int maximumPoolSize,
         *  long keepAliveTime,
         *  TimeUnit unit,
         *  BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
         *  ThreadFactory threadFactory,
         *  RejectedExecutionHandler handler){
         *  handler: DiscardPolicy, AbortPolicy, callerRunPolicy, DiscardOldestPolicy
         */
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor =
                new ThreadPoolExecutor(16, 30, 30L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                        new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10), new ThreadFactory() {
                    @Override
                    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
                        Thread t = new Thread();

                        t.setDaemon(false);
                        t.setUncaughtExceptionHandler((thread, e) -> System.out.println(e.getMessage()));
                        return t;
                    }
                }, new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy());

        threadPoolExecutor.submit(() -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()));

        threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();

//        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool();

        findJavaExecutorsBug();

    }

    /**
     * java预置线程池
     * Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor
     * Executors.newCachedThreadPool
     * Executors.newFixedThreadPool
     * Executors.newScheduledThreadPool
     * 暴力发现bug。运行时设置jvm启动参数 -Xmx10m。 限定jvm可使用的最大内存。
     */
    static void findJavaExecutorsBug(){
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

        for(;;){
            executorService.submit(() -> {
                try{
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(30);
                } catch (InterruptedException e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

https://yq.aliyun.com/video/play/1434