Spring学习笔记(一) Spring简介及IOC详解

Shinka_YXS

于 2019-01-06 23:50:54 发布

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分类专栏： Spring 文章标签： Spring IOC

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Shinka_YXS/article/details/85954313

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Spring简介

Spring 作者：Rod Johnson；
官方网站：http://spring.io/
最新开发包及文档下载地址：http://repo.springsource.org/libs-release-local/org/springframework/spring/

Spring4 版 Hello World 实现

核心jar包：

HelloWorld.java

package com.java1234.service;
public class HelloWorld {
    	public void say(){
    	    System.out.println("Spring4大爷你好！");
    	}
}

Test.java

package com.java1234.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.java1234.service.HelloWorld;

public class Test {
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
		HelloWorld helloWorld=(HelloWorld)ac.getBean("helloWorld");
		helloWorld.say();
	}
}

Spring IOC详解

IOC（控制反转：Inverse of Control ），又称作依赖注入，是一种重要的面向对象编程的法则来削减计算机程序的耦合问题，也是轻量级的 Spring 框架的核心

Spring IOC实例讲解

src下的beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    	<bean id="zhangsan" class="com.java1234.service.ZhangSan"></bean>
	
    	<bean id="lisi" class="com.java1234.service.Lisi"></bean>
	
	<bean id="javaWork" class="com.java1234.service.JavaWork">
		<property name="tester" ref="lisi"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

Tester接口及接口的两个实现类

package com.java1234.service;
public interface Tester {
    	public void test();
}

package com.java1234.service;
public class ZhangSan implements Tester{
    public void test(){
	System.out.println("张三-测试程序");
    }
}

package com.java1234.service;
public class Lisi implements Tester{
    public void test(){
	System.out.println("李四-测试程序");
    }
}

JavaWork.java

package com.java1234.service;
public class JavaWork {
    private Tester tester;
    	
    public void setTester(Tester tester) {
    	this.tester = tester;
    }

    public void doTest(){
	/*ZhangSan zhangsan=new ZhangSan();
	zhangsan.test();*/
	tester.test();
    }
}

Test

package com.java1234.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.java1234.service.JavaWork;
public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
	ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
	JavaWork javaWork=(JavaWork)ac.getBean("javaWork");
	javaWork.doTest();
    }
}

装配一个bean

依赖注入

1，属性注入；
2，构造函数注入；(通过类型；通过索引；联合使用)
3，工厂方法注入；(非静态工厂，静态工厂)
4，泛型依赖注入；(Spring4 整合 Hibernate4 的时候再讲)

beans.xml

    <bean id="people" class="com.java1234.entity.People"></bean>
    
    <!-- 属性注入 -->
    <bean id="people2" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
	<property name="id" value="1"></property>
	<property name="name" value="张三"></property>
	<property name="age" value="11"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 构造注入 通过类型-->
    <bean id="people3" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
	<constructor-arg type="int" value="2"></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg type="String" value="李四"></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg type="int" value="22"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 构造注入 通过索引-->
    <bean id="people4" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
	<constructor-arg index="0" value="3"></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg index="1" value="王五"></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg index="2" value="55"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 构造注入 类型和索引联合使用-->
    <bean id="people5" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
	<constructor-arg index="0" type="int" value="4"></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg index="1" type="String" value="招六"></constructor-arg>
	<constructor-arg index="2" type="int" value="66"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 工厂方法注入 非静态-->
    <bean id="peopleFactory" class="com.java1234.factory.PeopleFactory"></bean>	
    <bean id="people7" factory-bean="peopleFactory" factory-method="createPeople"></bean>
    <!-- 工厂方法注入 静态-->
    <bean id="people8" class="com.java1234.factory.PeopleFactory2" factory-method="createPeople"></bean>

People.java

package com.java1234.entity;

public class People {

    	private int id;
    	private String name;
    	private int age;
	
    	public People() {
		super();
	}

	public People(int id, String name, int age) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

    /*此处省略 id name age 的get和set方法*/
    
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "People [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}	
}

非静态工厂注入用到的类PeopleFactory.java
（静态工厂注入要将createPeople方法设成static）

package com.java1234.factory;
import com.java1234.entity.People;

public class PeopleFactory {

    public People createPeople(){
	People p=new People();
	p.setId(5);
	p.setName("小七");
	p.setAge(77);
	return p;
    }
}

注入参数

1，基本类型值；
2，注入 bean；
3，内部 bean；
4，null 值；
5，级联属性；
6，集合类型属性；

导入junit4.4.jar、
beans.xml

<!-- 基本类型值 -->
<bean id="people1" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
    <property name="id" value="1"></property>
    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    <property name="age" value="11"></property>
</bean>

<!-- 注入bean -->
<bean id="dog1" class="com.java1234.entity.Dog">
    <property name="name" value="Jack"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="people2" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
    <property name="id" value="1"></property>
    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    <property name="age" value="11"></property>
    <property name="dog" ref="dog1"></property>	<!-- ref指向引入的bean -->
</bean>

<!-- 内部bean -->
<bean id="people3" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
    <property name="id" value="1"></property>
    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    <property name="age" value="11"></property>
    <property name="dog">
        <bean class="com.java1234.entity.Dog">
            <property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
        </bean>
    </property>
</bean>

<!-- 注入null值 -->
<bean id="people4" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
    <property name="id" value="1"></property>
    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    <property name="age" value="11"></property>
    <property name="dog">
        <null></null>
    </property>
</bean>

<!-- 级联属性 此种写法必须在People类中声明dog属性处实例化一个对象 -->
<!-- private Dog dog = new Dog(); -->
<!-- <bean id="people5" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
    <property name="id" value="1"></property>
    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    <property name="age" value="11"></property>
    <property name="dog.name" value="Jack2"></property>
</bean> -->

<!-- 集合类型属性 -->
<bean id="people6" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
    <property name="id" value="1"></property>
    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    <property name="age" value="11"></property>
    <property name="dog" ref="dog1"></property>
    <property name="hobbies">
        <list>
            <value>唱歌</value>
            <value>跳舞</value>
        </list>
    </property>
    <property name="loves">
        <set>
            <value>唱歌2</value>
            <value>跳舞2</value>
        </set>
    </property>
    <property name="works">
        <map>
            <entry>
                <key><value>上午</value></key>
                    <value>写代码</value>
            </entry>
            <entry>
                <key><value>下午</value></key>
                <value>测试代码</value>
            </entry>
        </map>
    </property>
    <property name="addresses">
        <props>
            <prop key="address1">aaaaa</prop>
            <prop key="address2">bbbbb</prop>
        </props>
    </property>
</bean>

Dog.java只有private String name;及其get和set方法、

People.java同上一节，新增几个属性及其get和set方法

private Dog dog;
private List<String> hobbies=new ArrayList<String>();
private Set<String> loves=new HashSet<String>();
private Map<String,String> works=new HashMap<String,String>();
private Properties addresses=new Properties();

@Override
public String toString() {
    return "People [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age
                        + ", dog=" + dog + ", hobbies=" + hobbies + ", loves=" + loves
                        + ", works=" + works + ", addresses=" + addresses + "]";
}

测试类

// 基本类型值
@Test
public void test1() {
    People people=(People)ac.getBean("people1");
    System.out.println(people);
}
	
    /* 
     注入bean、内部bean、注入null、级联属性、注入集合
     同test1方法，将getBean中的参数换成bean.xml中对应的bean的id */

Spring自动装配

通过配置 default-autowire 属性，Spring IOC 容器可以自动为程序注入 bean；默认是 no，不启用自动装配；
default-autowire 的类型有 byName,byType,constructor；
byName：通过名称进行自动匹配；
byType：根据类型进行自动匹配；
constructor：和 byType 类似，只不过它是根据构造方法注入而言的，根据类型，自动注入；
建议：自动装配机制慎用，它屏蔽了装配细节，容易产生潜在的错误；

beans.xml
添加一行 default-autowire="constructor" (可填byName、byType、constructor)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
        default-autowire="constructor">
	
    	<bean id="dog2" class="com.java1234.entity.Dog">
		<property name="name" value="Jack"></property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="people1" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
		<property name="id" value="1"></property>
		<property name="name" value="张三"></property>
		<property name="age" value="11"></property>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

Dog.java只有private String name;及其get和set方法、

People.java只保留id、name、age、dog、

方法注入（很少用）

Spring bean 作用域默认是单例 singleton；可以通过配置 prototype ，实现多例；
方法注入 lookup-method

beans.xml

<bean id="dog" class="com.java1234.entity.Dog" scope="prototype">
    <property name="name" value="Jack"></property>
</bean>

<bean id="people1" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
    <property name="id" value="1"></property>
    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    <property name="age" value="11"></property>
    <lookup-method name="getDog" bean="dog"/>
</bean>

Dog.java只有private String name;及其get和set方法、

People.java设成抽象类，含有抽象方法getDog()、

测试类

@Test
public void test1() {
    People people=(People)ac.getBean("people1");
    People people2=(People)ac.getBean("people1");
    System.out.println(people.getDog()==people2.getDog());//false
    System.out.println(ac.getBean("dog")==ac.getBean("dog"));//false
}

方法替换（很少用）

beans.xml

<bean id="people1" class="com.java1234.entity.People">
    <property name="id" value="1"></property>
    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    <property name="age" value="11"></property>
    <replaced-method name="getDog" replacer="people2"></replaced-method>
</bean>
	
<bean id="people2" class="com.java1234.entity.People2"></bean>

Dog.java只有private String name;及其get和set方法、

People.java

public Dog getDog() {
	Dog dog=new Dog();
	dog.setName("Jack");
	return dog;
}

People2.java

package com.java1234.entity;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.MethodReplacer;
    public class People2 implements MethodReplacer {
        @Override
        public Object reimplement(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2)throws Throwable {
	    Dog dog=new Dog();
            dog.setName("Tom");
            return dog;
    }
}

测试类输出结果：Tom

@Test
public void test1() {
    People people=(People)ac.getBean("people1");
    System.out.println(people.getDog().getName());
}

Bean之间的关系：继承依赖引用

beans.xml


<bean id="dog" class="com.java1234.entity.Dog">
<property name="name" value="jack"></property>
</bean>

<bean id="abstractPeople" class="com.java1234.entity.People" abstract="true">
    <property name="className" value="高三5班"></property>
    <property name="age" value="19"></property>
</bean>
<!-- parent="abstractPeople" 继承id为abstractPeople的bean -->
<!-- depends-on="autority" 依赖id为autority的bean -->
<bean id="zhangsan" parent="abstractPeople" depends-on="autority">
    <property name="id" value="1"></property>
    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
</bean>

<bean id="lisi" parent="abstractPeople">
    <property name="id" value="2"></property>
    <property name="name" value="李四"></property>
    <!-- 重写父bean中的age属性 -->
    <property name="age" value="20"></property>
    <!-- ref="dog" 引用id为dog的bean-->
    <property name="dog" ref="dog"></property>
</bean>

<bean id="autority" class="com.java1234.service.Authority"></bean>

Dog.java只有private String name;及其get和set方法、

People.java中 id、name、age、className、dog、以上五个属性的set和get、

//无参构造方法
public People() {
    System.out.println("初始化People");
}
//重写toString方法
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "People [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age
        		+ ", className=" + className + ", dog=" + dog + "]";
}

Authority类（讲解bean的依赖关系，先加载Authority类，再初始化People）、

package com.java1234.service;

public class Authority {
    	public Authority() {
    		System.out.println("获取权限");
    	}
}

测试类

@Test
public void test1() {
    People zhangsan=(People)ac.getBean("zhangsan");
    System.out.println(zhangsan);

    People lisi=(People)ac.getBean("lisi");
    System.out.println(lisi);
}

bean的作用范围

1，singleton Spring ioc 容器中仅有一个 Bean 实例，Bean 以单例的方式存在；
2，prototype 每次从容器中调用 Bean 时，都返回一个新的实例；
3，request 每次 HTTP 请求都会创建一个新的 Bean；
4，session 同一个 HTTP Session 共享一个 Bean；
5，global session 同一个全局 Session 共享一个 Bean，一般用于 Portlet 应用环境；
6，application 同一个 Application 共享一个 Bean；

beans.xml

<bean id="dog" class="com.java1234.entity.Dog" scope="prototype">
    <property name="name" value="jack"></property>
</bean>

Dog.java只有private String name;及其get和set方法、

测试类

@Test
public void test1() {
    Dog dog=(Dog)ac.getBean("dog");
    Dog dog2=(Dog)ac.getBean("dog");
    System.out.println(dog==dog2);
}

Shinka_YXS

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