事务简介
事务的四个必要条件:原子性 一致性 隔离性 持久性
编程式事务管理(用得少)
缺点:非业务代码侵入到业务代码中、
Spring 提供的事务模版类:org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate
事务管理器:org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager
数据库名称:db_bank、建一张表t_count、字段:id userId userName count、
接口BankDao中声明inMoney和outMoney方法、
BankDaoImpl使用命名的JDBC模板NamedParameterJdbcTemplate、
package com.java1234.dao.impl;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.MapSqlParameterSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate;
import com.java1234.dao.BankDao;
public class BankDaoImpl implements BankDao{
private NamedParameterJdbcTemplate namedParameterJdbcTemplate;
public void setNamedParameterJdbcTemplate(
NamedParameterJdbcTemplate namedParameterJdbcTemplate) {
this.namedParameterJdbcTemplate = namedParameterJdbcTemplate;
}
@Override
public void inMoney(int money, int userId) {
String sql="update t_count2 set count=count+:money where userId=:userId";
MapSqlParameterSource sps=new MapSqlParameterSource();
sps.addValue("money", money);
sps.addValue("userId", userId);
namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(sql,sps);
}
@Override
public void outMoney(int money, int userId) {
String sql="update t_count set count=count-:money where userId=:userId";
MapSqlParameterSource sps=new MapSqlParameterSource();
sps.addValue("money", money);
sps.addValue("userId", userId);
namedParameterJdbcTemplate.update(sql,sps);
}
}
Service在Spring中是事务层,事务层的每个方法可以有多个DAO的操作、
BankService声明transferAccounts方法
public void transferAccounts(int count,int userIdA,int userIdB);
BankServiceImpl
package com.java1234.service.impl;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionCallbackWithoutResult;
import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate;
import com.java1234.dao.BankDao;
import com.java1234.service.BankService;
public class BankServiceImpl implements BankService{
private BankDao bankDao;
private TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;
public void setBankDao(BankDao bankDao) {
this.bankDao = bankDao;
}
public void setTransactionTemplate(TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate) {
this.transactionTemplate = transactionTemplate;
}
@Override
public void transferAccounts(final int count, final int userIdA, final int userIdB) {
transactionTemplate.execute(new TransactionCallbackWithoutResult() {
@Override
protected void doInTransactionWithoutResult(TransactionStatus arg0) {
bankDao.outMoney(count, userIdA);
bankDao.inMoney(count, userIdB);
}
});
}
}
beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- jdbc事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- jdbc事务管理模板 -->
<bean id="transactionTemplate" class="org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"></property>
</bean>
<context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties"/>
<bean id="namedParameterJdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate">
<constructor-arg ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="bankDao" class="com.java1234.dao.impl.BankDaoImpl">
<property name="namedParameterJdbcTemplate" ref="namedParameterJdbcTemplate"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="bankService" class="com.java1234.service.impl.BankServiceImpl">
<property name="bankDao" ref="bankDao"></property>
<property name="transactionTemplate" ref="transactionTemplate"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
测试类
public class T {
private ApplicationContext ac;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
}
@Test
public void transferAccounts() {
BankService bankService=(BankService)ac.getBean("bankService");
bankService.transferAccounts(50, 1, 2);
}
}
声明式事务管理
1,使用 XML 配置声明式事务,用Spring的AOP将事务切入、(常用)
2,使用注解配置声明式事务;
使用 XML 配置声明式事务
beans.xml中引入tx命名空间和地址,配置事务通知和事务切面
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 引入tx命名空间和地址 -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- jdbc事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务通知 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- 配置事务切面 -->
<aop:config>
<!-- 配置切点 -->
<aop:pointcut id="serviceMethod" expression="execution(* com.java1234.service.*.*(..))" />
<!-- 配置事务通知 -->
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceMethod"/>
</aop:config>
<context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties"/>
<bean id="namedParameterJdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.namedparam.NamedParameterJdbcTemplate">
<constructor-arg ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="bankDao" class="com.java1234.dao.impl.BankDaoImpl">
<property name="namedParameterJdbcTemplate" ref="namedParameterJdbcTemplate"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="bankService" class="com.java1234.service.impl.BankServiceImpl">
<property name="bankDao" ref="bankDao"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
BankDao、BanDaoImpl、BankService、T测试类 同上、
BankServiceImpl删掉transactionTemplate及其set方法、
public class BankServiceImpl implements BankService{
private BankDao bankDao;
public void setBankDao(BankDao bankDao) {
this.bankDao = bankDao;
}
@Override
public void transferAccounts(int count, int userIdA, int userIdB) {
bankDao.outMoney(count, userIdA);
bankDao.inMoney(count, userIdB);
}
}
使用注解配置声明式事务
在BankServiceImpl类上方写一个注解@Transactional,其余部分同上、
public class BankServiceImpl implements BankService
beans.xml文件中 删除声明的 事务通知 和 事务切面、加入如下一行:
<!-- 打开注解驱动 支持事务注解@Transactional -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
事务传播行为
Spring 中,当一个 service 方法调用另外一个 service 方法的时候,因为每个 service 方法都有事务,这时候就出现了事务的嵌套;由此,就产生了事务传播行为;
在 Spring 中,通过配置 Propagation,来定义事务传播行为;
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED--支持当前事务,如果当前没有事务,就新建一个事务。这是最常见的选择。
PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS--支持当前事务,如果当前没有事务,就以非事务方式执行。
PROPAGATION_MANDATORY--支持当前事务,如果当前没有事务,就抛出异常。
PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW--新建事务,如果当前存在事务,把当前事务挂起。
PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED--以非事务方式执行操作,如果当前存在事务,就把当前事务挂起。
PROPAGATION_NEVER--以非事务方式执行,如果当前存在事务,则抛出异常。
将beans.xml中配置事务通知的attribute部分改成如下:
<!-- 配置事务通知 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="edit*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="new*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="set*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="remove*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="change*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="find*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="load*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>