ThreadLocal

一：使用

public class UseThreadLocal {
    private static ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Integer>() {
        @Override
        protected Integer initialValue() {
            return 0;
        }
    };

    private static ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal2 = new ThreadLocal<Integer>() {
        @Override
        protected Integer initialValue() {
            return 100;
        }
    };

    /**
     * 运行3个线程
     */
    public void startThreadArray() {
        Thread[] runs = new Thread[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < runs.length; i++) {
            runs[i] = new Thread(new TestRunnable(i));
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < runs.length; i++) {
            runs[i].start();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 测试线程，线程的工作是将ThreadLocal变量的值变化，并写回，看看线程之间是否会互相影响
     */
    public static class TestRunnable implements Runnable {
        int id;

        public TestRunnable(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }

        public void run() {
            Integer initialValue = threadLocal.get();
            initialValue = initialValue + id;
            threadLocal.set(initialValue);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + ":" + threadLocal.get());
            threadLocal.remove();

            Integer initialValue2 = threadLocal2.get();
            initialValue2 = initialValue2 + id;
            threadLocal2.set(initialValue2);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                    + ":" + threadLocal2.get());
            threadLocal2.remove();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        UseThreadLocal test = new UseThreadLocal();
        test.startThreadArray();
    }
}

二：源码分析

get方法

TheadLcoal对象有值的话获取并设置，没有的话创建

  public T get() {
        //当前线程作为key，获取线程独有的Trheadlocalmap
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            //当前threadload作为键，获取真正存储的值
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                T result = (T)e.value;
                return result;
            }
        }
        return setInitialValue();
    }

 private T setInitialValue() {
        T value = initialValue();
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
        return value;
    }

ThreadLocalMap

从上get源码分析得知TheadLocal对象用把当前线程作为key，获取每个线程独有的ThreadLocalMap。
ThreadLocalMap使用当前ThreadLocal对象作为key，获取每个线程的值。
通过这样的机制，多个线程使用同一个TheadLocal对象，TheadLocal对象在每个线程里面获取的值都是该线程独有的值，从而达到线程隔离的目的。

 static class ThreadLocalMap {

        /**
         * The entries in this hash map extend WeakReference, using
         * its main ref field as the key (which is always a
         * ThreadLocal object).  Note that null keys (i.e. entry.get()
         * == null) mean that the key is no longer referenced, so the
         * entry can be expunged from table.  Such entries are referred to
         * as "stale entries" in the code that follows.
         */
        static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
            /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
            Object value;

            Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }
        }
        
        ...
          private Entry[] table;

ThreadLocalMap 存放着Entry数组，意味着一个线程可以存放多个变量。

整体结构

三：ThreadLocal可能引发的内存泄露

key因为是弱引用，gc发生的时候可以被回收，但是由于map里面的value是强引用，所以不进行clear的话，可能会发生泄露。

 public void remove() {
         ThreadLocalMap m = getMap(Thread.currentThread());
         if (m != null)
             m.remove(this);
     }