XSD元素
定义元素的语法:
<xs:element name="xxx" type="yyy"/>
Schema常用类型:
xs:string
xs:decimal
xs:integer
xs:boolean
xs:date
xs:time
例子:
这是一些XML元素:
<lastname>Refsnes</lastname>
<age>36</age>
<dateborn>1970-03-27</dateborn>
元素的定义:
<xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="age" type="xs:integer"/>
<xs:element name="dateborn" type="xs:date"/>
元素的默认值和固定值
元素可拥有指定的默认值或固定值。
当没有其他的值被规定时,默认值就会自动分配给元素。
下面的例子中,缺省值是”red”
<xs:element name="color" type="xs:string" default="red"/>
固定值同样会自动分配给元素,并且无法规定另外一个值
<xs:element name="color" type="xs:string" fixed="red"/>
XSD属性
定义属性的语法:
<xs:attribute name="xxx" type="yyy"/>
可选的属性和必须的属性
在缺省的情况下,属性是可选的。如果规定属性为必选,使用”use”属性
<xs:attribute name="lang" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
XML示例
示例1:
Myfamily.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<persons xmlns="http://www.sync.sz"
xmlns:child="http://www.sync.sz.children"
xmlns:gender="http://www.sync.sz.attr"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.sync.sz family.xsd
http://www.sync.sz.attr attribute.xsd">
<person>
<firstname>your</firstname>
<lastname>father</lastname>
</person>
<person>
<firstname>baba</firstname>
<lastname>nide</lastname>
<child:children>
<child:childname>sson</child:childname>
</child:children>
</person>
<person gender:gender="female">
<firstname>yours</firstname>
<lastname>fa</lastname>
<child:children>
<child:childname>sons1</child:childname>
</child:children>
</person>
</persons>
family.xsd:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.sync.sz"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:element name="persons">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:annotation>
<xs:documentation source="description">
any元素使我们有能力通过未被 schema 规定的元素来拓展 XML 文档!
anyAttribute 元素使我们有能力通过未被 schema 规定的属性来扩展 XML 文档!
</xs:documentation>
</xs:annotation>
<xs:all>
<xs:element name="person">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
<xs:any minOccurs="0"/>
</xs:sequence>
<xs:anyAttribute/>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:all>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
clilden.xsd
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.sync.sz.children"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:element name="children">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="childname" type="xs:string"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</schema>
attribute.xsd:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.sync.sz.attr"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:attribute name="gender">
<xs:simpleType>
<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:pattern value="male|female"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
</xs:attribute>
</xs:schema>
示例2:
shiporder_refactor.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--xmlns后面直接接uri,使用默认命名空间-->
<shiporder xmlns="http://www.sync.sz"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.sync.sz shiporder_refactor.xsd" orderid="a1">
<orderperson>synczzz</orderperson>
<shipto>
<name>aaa</name>
<address>shenzhenbaoanqu</address>
<city>shenzhen</city>
<country>china</country>
</shipto>
<item>
<title>abca</title>
<quantity>12</quantity>
<price>99.9</price>
</item>
<item>
<title>asd</title>
<quantity>12</quantity>
<price>99.9</price>
</item>
<item>
<title>aasdasdbca</title>
<quantity>12</quantity>
<price>99.9</price>
</item>
</shiporder>
shiporder_refactor.xsd:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.sync.sz"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<xs:simpleType name="stringtype">
<xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
</xs:simpleType>
<xs:simpleType name="inttype">
<xs:restriction base="xs:positiveInteger"/>
</xs:simpleType>
<xs:simpleType name="dectype">
<xs:restriction base="xs:decimal"/>
</xs:simpleType>
<xs:simpleType name="orderidtype">
<xs:annotation>
<xs:documentation source="description">简单类型元素</xs:documentation>
</xs:annotation>
<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:pattern value="[0-9]{6}"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
<xs:complexType name="shiptotype">
<xs:annotation>
<xs:documentation source="description">复杂类型元素</xs:documentation>
</xs:annotation>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="name" type="stringtype"/>
<xs:element name="address" type="stringtype"/>
<xs:element name="city" type="stringtype"/>
<xs:element name="country" type="stringtype"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:complexType name="itemtype">
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="title" type="stringtype"/>
<xs:element name="note" type="stringtype" minOccurs="0"/>
<xs:element name="quantity" type="inttype"/>
<xs:element name="price" type="dectype"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:attribute name="orderid" type="stringtype">
</xs:attribute>
<xs:complexType name="shipordertype">
<xs:annotation>
<xs:documentation source="description">通过type引用复杂类型或者简单类型,ref引用元素属性</xs:documentation>
</xs:annotation>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="orderperson" type="stringtype" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1"/>
<xs:element name="shipto" type="shiptotype" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1"/>
<xs:element name="item" type="itemtype" maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="1"/>
</xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute ref="orderid" use="required"/>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:element name="shiporder" type="shipordertype"/>
</xs:schema>