Intall a perfect Ubuntu

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-02 19:13:05 发布
silentvoid
最新推荐文章于 2024-11-02 19:13:05 发布
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推荐breezy server安装，再手动安装X-Window等等，否则会装上一大堆乱七八糟的东西

1.修改源，下面是我的source，注意的是有些要做gpg key

~#sudo vi /etc/apt/source.list
ps:推荐使用vi，gedit对我等的低配置机器是种折磨

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 5.10 _Breezy Badger_ - Release i386 (20051012)]/ breezy main restricted

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ breezy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ breezy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ breezy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu-cn/ breezy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/backports/ breezy-extras main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu/ breezy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu/ breezy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu/ breezy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu/ breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ breezy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/backports/ breezy-extras main restricted universe multiverse

#deb http://antesis.freecontrib.org/mirrors/ubuntu/plf/ breezy free non-free
#deb-src http://antesis.freecontrib.org/mirrors/ubuntu/plf/ breezy free non-free

# Automatically generated sources.list
# http://www.ubuntulinux.nl/source-o-matic
#
# If you get errors about missing keys, lookup the key in this file
# and run these commands (replace KEY with the key number)
#
# gpg --keyserver subkeys.pgp.net --recv KEY
# gpg --export --armor KEY | sudo apt-key add -

# Ubuntu supported packages (packages, GPG key: 437D05B5)
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted

# Ubuntu supported packages (sources, GPG key: 437D05B5)
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted

# Ubuntu community supported packages (packages, GPG key: 437D05B5)
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse

# Ubuntu community supported packages (sources, GPG key: 437D05B5)
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe multiverse

# Seveas' packages (packages, GPG key: 1135D466)
deb http://mirror3.ubuntulinux.nl breezy-seveas all

# Seveas' packages (sources, GPG key: 1135D466)
deb-src http://mirror2.ubuntulinux.nl breezy-seveas all

# Ubuntu backports project (packages, GPG key: 437D05B5)
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# Ubuntu backports project (sources, GPG key: 437D05B5)
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# Cipherfunk multimedia packages (packages, GPG key: 33BAC1B3)
deb ftp://cipherfunk.org/pub/packages/ubuntu/ breezy main

# Cipherfunk multimedia packages (sources, GPG key: 33BAC1B3)
deb-src ftp://cipherfunk.org/pub/packages/ubuntu breezy main

# Osmo Salomas CVS amule packages (packages, GPG key: 70188C3B)
#deb http://koti.mbnet.fi/~ots/ubuntu breezy
deb http://koti.mbnet.fi/~ots/ubuntu/ breezy/
deb-src http://koti.mbnet.fi/~ots/ubuntu/ breezy/
# Osmo Salomas CVS amule packages (sources, GPG key: 70188C3B)
#deb-src http://koti.mbnet.fi/~ots/ubuntu breezy

2.升级系统
~#sudo apt-get update
~#sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

3.设置本地locale
~#sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
确保zh_CN.UTF-8被选择，同时默认local也为zh_CN.UTF-8

4.安装X-window和fvwm
~#sudo apt-get install xerver-xorg
~#sudo apt-get install x-window-system-core 
~#sudo apt-get install gdm
~#sudo apt-get install fvwm
我喜欢用xdm，但是fvwm总是init5进不了X

5.安装中文语言支持
~#sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh language-pack-zh-base language-support-zh

6.安装中文字体
好象现在源里没有官方包的YuanTi，从下面的地址下载
http://download.ubuntu.org.cn/software/VeraSansYuanTi.tar.gz
~#sudo apt-cache search VeraSansYuanti
~#tar zxvf VeraSansYuanTi.tar.gz
~#sudo mv VeraSansYuanTi /usr/share/fonts/
~#sudo fc-cache -f
~#sudo cp /etc/fonts/fonts.conf /etc/fonts/fonts.conf.old
~#sudo cp /usr/share/fonts/VeraSansYuanTi/fonts.conf /etc/fonts/

7.安装输入法，我习惯用fcitx
~#sudo apt-get install fcitx
~#sudo sh -c " echo 'export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx ; export GTK_IM_MODULE="fcitx" ; fcitx ' > /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95xinput "
~#sudo chmod +755 /etc/X11/Xsession.d/95xinput

8. 设置LC_ALL和其它属性:
~#sudo vi /etc/environment
改为下面的内容：

LANGUAGE="zh_CN:zh:en_US:en"
LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
GST_ID3_TAG_ENCODING=GBK

9.安装java
~#sudo apt-get install sun-j2re1.5
~#sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/j2re1.5-sun/bin/java /usr/bin/java

10.安装字典stardict
~#sudo
apt-get install stardict stardict-common stardict-cdict-gb
stardict-cedict-gb stardict-hanzim stardict-langdao-ce-gb
stardict-langdao-ec-gb stardict-oxford-gb stardict-xdict-ce-gb
stardict-xdict-ec-gb

11.安装flash和ff的支持
~#sudo apt-get install flashplayer-mozilla

12.安装P2P eMule客户端aMule
~#sudo  apt-get install amule
手工添加最常用的aMule服务器列表
Razorback 2：195.245.244.243:4661（R2已关闭）
ID最好设置成[CHN][VeryCD]XXXX的样子

13.安装多媒体Codecs解码/编码器
~#sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-plugins
~#sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-lame
~#sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg
~#sudo apt-get install lame
~#sudo apt-get install sox
~#sudo apt-get install ffmpeg
~#sudo apt-get install mjpegtools
~#sudo apt-get install vorbis-tools
~#gst-register-0.8
w32codecs要自己找

14.安装多媒体播放器MPlayer和相应的ff插件
~#sudo apt-get install mplayer-k7
~#sudo apt-get install mplayer-fonts
~#sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer
~#sudo cp /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf_backup
~#sudo vi /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
改：
vo=x11,                 # To specify default video driver (see -vo help for
为：
vo=xv,                  # To specify default video driver (see -vo help for

15.安装Realplayer
~#sudo apt-get install realplay

16.安装防火墙Firestarter
~#sudo apt-get install firestarter

17.安装压缩/解压缩程序unrar
~#sudo apt-get install rar
~#sudo ln -fs /usr/bin/rar /usr/bin/unrar

18.安装显卡驱动NVIDIA
~#sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx-legacy
此处如果用的是如tnt2 pro的老显卡，就用legacy
~#sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings
~#sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf_backup
~#sudo nvidia-glx-config enable
如果要去掉登录时显示的nvidia的logo，编辑xorg.conf
~#sudo vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf
再Device段加上：
Option "NoLogo"

19.对于AMD的CPU，安装k7的内核（最好选择一个具体的内核）
~#sudo  apt-get  install  linux-image-2.6.12-10-k7
~#sudo  apt-get  install linux-restricted-modules-2.6.12-10-k7-nvidia-legacy
PS：上面这一步很重要，否则安装nvidia legacy驱动后不能进入X-window

20.改变root的密码
~#sudo passwd root

21.禁用root帐号
~#sudo passwd -l root

22.关闭终端历史记录
~#rm -f $HOME/.bash_history
~#touch $HOME/.bash_history
~#chmod 000 $HOME/.bash_history

23.终端机模式下进行移除/覆盖文件/目录时，能有提示字串
在文件末尾添加：
~#sudo vi /etc/bash.bashrc
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'

24.进入X-window后打开小键盘Num Lock
~#sudo apt-get install numlock
~#sudo vi  /etc/X11/gdm/Init/Default

...
exit 0
在上面添加这几行

if [ -x /usr/bin/numlockx ]; then
     /usr/bin/numlockx on
fi

25.X.org 下 XMMS aMule 等 Gtk1 程序的中文解决
如果存在 /etc/gtk/gtkrc.zh_CN 这个文件
~#sudo cp /etc/gtk/gtkrc.zh_CN /etc/gtk/gtkrc.zh_CN.utf-8
如果不存在，直接建立
~#sudo vi /etc/gtk/gtkrc.zh_CN.utf-8
# ＄(gtkconfigdir)/gtkrc.zh_CN
#
# This file defines the fontsets for Chinese language (zh) using
# the simplified chinese standard GuoBiao as in mainland China (CN)
#
 # 1999, Pablo Saratxaga 
#
   style "gtk-default-zh-cn" {
    fontset = "-adobe-helvetica-medium-r-normal--12-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-1,
      -*-*-medium-r-normal--16-*-*-*-*-*-gb2312.1980-0,*-r-*"
      }

PS： 参考www.ubuntu.org.cn上的新手指南
          和http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index/guide