Longest Univalue Path【数的最长路径】

PROBLEM：

Given a binary tree, find the length of the longest path where each node in the path has the same value. This path may or may not pass through the root.

Note: The length of path between two nodes is represented by the number of edges between them.

Example 1:

Input:

              5
             / \
            4   5
           / \   \
          1   1   5

Output:

2

Example 2:

Input:

              1
             / \
            4   5
           / \   \
          4   4   5

Output:

2

Note: The given binary tree has not more than 10000 nodes. The height of the tree is not more than 1000.

SOLVE：

class Solution {
public:
    int longestUnivaluePath(TreeNode* root) {
        int lup = 0;
        if (root) dfs(root, lup);
        return lup;
    }
private:
    int dfs(TreeNode* node, int& lup) {
        //lup：以node为根节点的树中最长路径
        int l = node->left ? dfs(node->left, lup) : 0;    //l：左子树从根节点开始的最长路径 //注意：不一定是左子树的最长路径 //lup：更新为左子树的最长路径
        int r = node->right ? dfs(node->right, lup) : 0;    //r：右子树从根节点开始的最长路径 //注意：不一定是右子树的最长路径 //lup：更新为左子树及右子树中的最长路径
        int resl = node->left && node->left->val == node->val ? l + 1 : 0;
        int resr = node->right && node->right->val == node->val ? r + 1 : 0;
        lup = max(lup, resl + resr);    //lup：更新后为以node为根节点的树中最长路径 //注意：路径是边数，而不是节点数
        return max(resl, resr);    //从根节点开始的最长路径
    }
};