Ruby: Arel and Forms

Data types

• string
• text
• integer
• float
• decimal
• datetime
• timestamp
• time
• date
• boolean
• references

SQL -> ORM -> Arel

# Common commands
User.where(name: 'Simon')
User.find_by(name: 'Simon')
User.limit(2)
User.order(id: :desc)

# Chaining commands
Post.where(view_count: > 20).limit(5).order(id: :desc)

Code for validations are in the model files.

Errors method: error.full_messages, errors.add()

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  vlidate :penn_email
  
  def penn_email
    unless email.include? 'upenn.edu'
      errors.add(:email, 'is not a Penn email')
    end
  end
end

Association

One-to-many association

• Initialize two tables: A and B

• Declare association:

  foreign key of B

  primary key of A

Post:references #foreign key column of Comments
db:migrate

belongs_to :user # add in B.rb model file
has_many :comments, dependent: :destroy # destroy corresponding B elements when related A is deleted

@post = Post.find(1);

@new_comment = @post.comments.build
@new_comment.body = 'Comment for post 1'
@new_comment.save

# OR
@new_comment = @post.comments.create({body: 'Comment for posts'})

# Find all comments belongs to a post
@post = Post.find(1);
@comments = @post.comments

# Find a post that a comment belongs to
@comment = Comment.find(20)
@post = @comment.post

Many-to-many association

# in Course.rb and Students.rb model files
rails g Model Registration Course:references Student:references
has_many :registrations, dependent: :destroy
has_many :students, through: registrations

# in Registration.rb model file
belongs_to :student
belongs_to :course

Forms

<%= form_with url: '/login' do |form| %>
	<%= form.label :email %>
	<%= form.text_field :email %>
	<%= form.submit %>
<% end %>

<%= form_with model: @user do |form| %>
	<%= form.label :email %>
	<%= form.text_field :email %>
	<%= form.submit %>
<% end %>

params.require(:post).permit(:title, :content)

Design forms

• field name, type, label
• is the form associate with a model
  • Yes, form_with model
  • No, form_with url
• What end point does the form send to?

Session and authentication

log in: obtain a cookie and create a session

log out: ask server to remove the cookie-session pair

session[:last_order] = "latte"
session[:user] = @user

# destroy a session
reset_session

Sessions controller

class SessionsController < AppllicationController
  def new
    @user = User.new
  end
  
  def create
    @user = User.find_by(username: params[:username])
    if @user.password == params[:password]
      session[:user_id] = @user.id
      redirect_to @user
    end
  end
  
  def destroy
    reset_session
    redirect_to @user
  end
end

 class ApplicationController < ActionContoller::Base
   helper_method :logged_in?, :current_user
   
   def logged_in?
     session[:user_id]
   end
   
   def current_user
     @current_user ||= User.find(session[:user_id]) if logged_in?
   end
   
   def autentacate_user
     redirect_to login_path unless logged_in?
   end
 end