ConcurrentHashmap1.7源码分析

new ConcurrentHashMap()传入默认值：

容量：initialCapacity —> 16

负载因子：loadFactor —> 0.75

并发级别：concurrencyLevel —> 16

public ConcurrentHashMap() {
    this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR, DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY_LEVEL);
}

新建segment0 入参为：

​ 负载因子0.75

​ 阈值大小1

​ hashEntry数组

public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
    // 首先判断传入的参数是否大于0，如果是则抛出异常；
    if (!(loadFactor > 0) || initialCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    // concurrencyLevel最大值为segment的最大段数MAX_SEGMENTS（ 1 << 16 ）
    if (concurrencyLevel > MAX_SEGMENTS)
        concurrencyLevel = MAX_SEGMENTS;
    // Find power-of-two sizes best matching arguments
    int sshift = 0;
    int ssize = 1;
    // 然后赋予两个值segment段数ssize = 16，sshift = 4（相当于是2的幂次方）
    while (ssize < concurrencyLevel) {
        ++sshift;
        ssize <<= 1;
    }
    // segmentShift = 18（利用右移得到高四位，用于put时获取segment的下标）
    this.segmentShift = 32 - sshift;
    // segmentMask = 15（和segmentShift 合作，进行与运算得到segment的下标）
    this.segmentMask = ssize - 1;
    // initialCapacity最大值为MAXIMUM_CAPACITY最大容量（1 << 30 ）
    if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
        initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
    // c ---> 16/15 +1 ---> 2
    int c = initialCapacity / ssize;
    if (c * ssize < initialCapacity)
        ++c;
    int cap = MIN_SEGMENT_TABLE_CAPACITY;
    // 将c和cap进行大小判断，cap最小值为MIN_SEGMENT_TABLE_CAPACITY = 2，循环判断如果cap比c小则左移一位
    while (cap < c)
        cap <<= 1;
    // create segments and segments[0]
    // 创建segment数组和segment[0]，后续put的值会根据segment[0]的长度、阈值、负载因子创建新的segment
    Segment<K,V> s0 =
        new Segment<K,V>(loadFactor, (int)(cap * loadFactor),
                         (HashEntry<K,V>[])new HashEntry[cap]);
    Segment<K,V>[] ss = (Segment<K,V>[])new Segment[ssize];
    // 新建segment数组，将segment0添加进数组
    UNSAFE.putOrderedObject(ss, SBASE, s0); // ordered write of segments[0]
    this.segments = ss;
}

---

segment的put()方法

concurrentHashMap的put()方法中，是不允许key和value为null值的，至于为什么，在网上看到的一句话为：

ConcurrentHashMap不能put null 是因为 无法分辨是key没找到的null还是有key值为null，这在多线程里面是模糊不清的，所以压根就不让put null。

public V put(K key, V value) {
        Segment<K,V> s;
        if (value == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        int hash = hash(key);
        int j = (hash >>> segmentShift) & segmentMask;
        if ((s = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObject          // nonvolatile; recheck
             (segments, (j << SSHIFT) + SBASE)) == null) //  in ensureSegment
            s = ensureSegment(j);
        return s.put(key, hash, value, false);
    }

hash(key)经过移位和异或得到hash，目的是为了让hash值更加混乱，得到的segment下标更加分散

private int hash(Object k) {
        int h = hashSeed;

        if ((0 != h) && (k instanceof String)) {
            return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
        }

        h ^= k.hashCode();

        // Spread bits to regularize both segment and index locations,
        // using variant of single-word Wang/Jenkins hash.
        h += (h <<  15) ^ 0xffffcd7d;
        h ^= (h >>> 10);
        h += (h <<   3);
        h ^= (h >>>  6);
        h += (h <<   2) + (h << 14);
        return h ^ (h >>> 16);
    }

将hash无符号右移位18位，将hash的高4位和segmentMask（15：1111）进行与运算得到segment数组的下标

int j = (hash >>> segmentShift) & segmentMask;

该方法是新建segment数组放到指定的下标中，其中SBASE和SSHIFT是调用UNSAFE的方法：

SBASE = UNSAFE.arrayBaseOffset(sc); // 数组中第一个元素的起始位置

ss = UNSAFE.arrayIndexScale(sc); // 数组中存储的对象的对象头大小

SSHIFT = 31 - Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(ss); // Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros获得ss中高位0的个数

if ((s = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObject          // nonvolatile; recheck
             (segments, (j << SSHIFT) + SBASE)) == null) //  in ensureSegment
            s = ensureSegment(j);

---

ensureSegment()

ensureSegment()方法中根据segment[0]初始化的阈值、长度、负载因子创建new Segment对象，然后根据UNSAFE的两个属性得到下标，通过CAS的方式添加进Segment数组当中

private Segment<K,V> ensureSegment(int k) {
        final Segment<K,V>[] ss = this.segments;
        long u = (k << SSHIFT) + SBASE; // raw offset
        Segment<K,V> seg;
        if ((seg = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(ss, u)) == null) {
            Segment<K,V> proto = ss[0]; // use segment 0 as prototype
            int cap = proto.table.length;
            float lf = proto.loadFactor;
            int threshold = (int)(cap * lf);
            HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = (HashEntry<K,V>[])new HashEntry[cap];
            if ((seg = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(ss, u))
                == null) { // recheck
                Segment<K,V> s = new Segment<K,V>(lf, threshold, tab);
                while ((seg = (Segment<K,V>)UNSAFE.getObjectVolatile(ss, u))
                       == null) {
                    if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(ss, u, null, seg = s))
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
        return seg;
    }

---

HashEntry的put()方法

final V put(K key, int hash, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) {
            HashEntry<K,V> node = tryLock() ? null :
                scanAndLockForPut(key, hash, value);
            V oldValue;
            try {
                HashEntry<K,V>[] tab = table;
                int index = (tab.length - 1) & hash;
                HashEntry<K,V> first = entryAt(tab, index);
                for (HashEntry<K,V> e = first;;) {
                    if (e != null) {
                        K k;
                        if ((k = e.key) == key ||
                            (e.hash == hash && key.equals(k))) {
                            oldValue = e.value;
                            if (!onlyIfAbsent) {
                                e.value = value;
                                ++modCount;
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                        e = e.next;
                    }
                    else {
                        if (node != null)
                            node.setNext(first);
                        else
                            node = new HashEntry<K,V>(hash, key, value, first);
                        int c = count + 1;
                        if (c > threshold && tab.length < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
                            rehash(node);
                        else
                            setEntryAt(tab, index, node);
                        ++modCount;
                        count = c;
                        oldValue = null;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                unlock();
            }
            return oldValue;
        }

进入hashEntry的put方法

tryLock()方法 是**ReentrantLock（独占可重入锁）下的方法，使用CAS修改**state值，将当前线程为独占线程，如果进来的线程等于当前独占线程，则设置state+1

int c = getState();
if (c == 0) {
    if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
        setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
        return true;
    }
}
else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
    int nextc = c + acquires;
    if (nextc < 0) // overflow
        throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
    setState(nextc);
    return true;
}

将hahs的低16位和table.length - 1（15：1111）进行**与运算**得到hashEntry下标

int index = (tab.length - 1) & hash;

查看存放的位置是否为null：

如果不为null则进行添加值或者替换值；

if ((k = e.key) == key ||
    (e.hash == hash && key.equals(k))) {
    oldValue = e.value;
    if (!onlyIfAbsent) {
        e.value = value;
        ++modCount;
    }
    break;
}
e = e.next;

如果为null，则直接添加new HashEntry<K,V>(hash, key, value, first); 使用**头插法**

if (node != null)
    node.setNext(first);
else
    node = new HashEntry<K,V>(hash, key, value, first);
int c = count + 1;
if (c > threshold && tab.length < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
    rehash(node);
else
    setEntryAt(tab, index, node);
++modCount;
count = c;
oldValue = null;
break;

完成put操作之后，在finally中要进行**unlock()解锁**，返回值为被修改的oldValue

如果在put操作过程中，容量**超过阈值，则进行扩容操作，同样是创建一个两倍大的HashEntry，先扩容后添加**，这里不再细说

private void rehash(HashEntry<K,V> node) { 
    HashEntry<K,V>[] oldTable = table;
    int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
    int newCapacity = oldCapacity << 1;
    threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);
    HashEntry<K,V>[] newTable =
        (HashEntry<K,V>[]) new HashEntry[newCapacity];
    int sizeMask = newCapacity - 1;
    for (int i = 0; i < oldCapacity ; i++) {
        HashEntry<K,V> e = oldTable[i];
        if (e != null) {
            HashEntry<K,V> next = e.next;
            int idx = e.hash & sizeMask;
            if (next == null)   //  Single node on list
                newTable[idx] = e;
            else { // Reuse consecutive sequence at same slot
                HashEntry<K,V> lastRun = e;
                int lastIdx = idx;
                for (HashEntry<K,V> last = next;
                     last != null;
                     last = last.next) {
                    int k = last.hash & sizeMask;
                    if (k != lastIdx) {
                        lastIdx = k;
                        lastRun = last;
                    }
                }
                newTable[lastIdx] = lastRun;
                // Clone remaining nodes
                for (HashEntry<K,V> p = e; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
                    V v = p.value;
                    int h = p.hash;
                    int k = h & sizeMask;
                    HashEntry<K,V> n = newTable[k];
                    newTable[k] = new HashEntry<K,V>(h, p.key, v, n);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    int nodeIndex = node.hash & sizeMask; // add the new node
    node.setNext(newTable[nodeIndex]);
    newTable[nodeIndex] = node;
    table = newTable;
}