既然你精通SpringBoot，那给我说一下类的自动装配吧！

剖析@SpringBootApplication注解

创建一个SpringBoot工程后，SpringBoot会为用户提供一个Application类，该类负责项目的启动：

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootSeniorApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootSeniorApplication.class, args);
    }
}

这是一个被 @SpringBootApplication 注解的类，该注解完成了SpringBoot中类的自动装配任务：

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
        @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
    
}

抛却元注解不谈，@SpringBootApplication继承了三个注解：

@SpringBootConfiguration

/**
 * Indicates that a class provides Spring Boot application
 * {@link Configuration @Configuration}. Can be used as an
 * alternative to the Spring's standard @Configuration 
 * annotation so that configuration can be found
 * automatically (for example in tests).
 *
 * Application should only ever include one 
 * @SpringBootConfiguration and most idiomatic Spring Boot 
 * applications will inherit it from @SpringBootApplication.
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
    ...
}

在说明中提到， @SpringBootConfiguration 注解是用来替代Spring的 @Configuration ，方便SpringBoot自动找到配置。

@ComponentScan

/**
 * Configures component scanning directives
 * for use with Configuration classes.
 * Provides support parallel with Spring XML's
 * <context:component-scan> element.
 *
 * Either #basePackageClasses or #basePackages
 * (or its alias #value} may be specified to
 * define specific packages to scan. If specific
 * packages are not defined, scanning will occur
 * from the package of the class that declares
 * this annotation.
 *
 * Note that the <context:component-scan> element
 * has an annotation-config attribute; however,
 * this annotation does not. This is because
 * in almost all cases when using @ComponentScan,
 * default annotation config processing
 * (e.g. processing @Autowired and friends)
 * is assumed. Furthermore, when using 
 * AnnotationConfigApplicationContext,
 * annotation config processors are always
 * registered, meaning that any attempt to disable
 * them at the @ComponentScan level would be ignored.
 */
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Documented
@Repeatable(ComponentScans.class)
public @interface ComponentScan {
    ...
}

在说明中我们可以得知： @ComponentScan 只负责指定要扫描的包，并没有装配其中的类，这个真正装配这些类是 @EnableAutoConfiguration 。

@EnableAutoConfiguration

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
    ...
}

该类真正完成了SpringBoot对于类的装配工作，具体内容在后续会作出解释。

以@Enable开头的注解

以@Enable开头的注解( @EnableXxx )一般用于开启某一项功能，是为了简化代码的导入。它是一个组合注解，一般情况下 @EnableXxx 注解中都会组合一个 @Import 注解，而该 @Import 注解用于导入指定的类，而被导入的类一般有三种：

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配置类

• 类的特征：@Import中指定的类一般以Configuration结尾
• 类的配置：该类上会注解@Configuration

• 类的案例：定时任务启动注解： SchedulingConfiguration

  @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
  @Retention(