SpringBoot学习笔记16 - 类的自动装配

1、剖析@SpringBootApplication注解

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创建一个SpringBoot工程后，SpringBoot会为用户提供一个Application类，该类负责项目的启动：

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootSeniorApplication {
   
	public static void main(String[] args) {
   
		SpringApplication.run(SpringbootSeniorApplication.class, args);
	}
}

这是一个被@SpringBootApplication注解的类，该注解完成了SpringBoot中类的自动装配任务：

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
    @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
   
	...
}

抛却元注解不谈，@SpringBootApplication继承了三个注解：

• @SpringBootConfiguration

  /**
   * Indicates that a class provides Spring Boot application
   * {@link Configuration @Configuration}. Can be used as an
   * alternative to the Spring's standard @Configuration 
   * annotation so that configuration can be found
   * automatically (for example in tests).
   *
   * Application should only ever include one 
   * @SpringBootConfiguration and most idiomatic Spring Boot 
   * applications will inherit it from @SpringBootApplication.
   */
  @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  @Documented
  @Configuration
  public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
       
  	...
  }
  

  在说明中提到，@SpringBootConfiguration注解是用来替代Spring的@Configuration，方便SpringBoot自动找到配置。
• @ComponentScan

  /**
   * Configures component scanning directives
   * for use with Configuration classes.
   * Provides support parallel with Spring XML's
   * <context:component-scan> element.
   *
   * Either #basePackageClasses or #basePackages
   * (or its alias #value} may be specified to
   * define specific packages to scan. If specific
   * packages are not defined, scanning will occur
   * from the package of the class that declares
   * this annotation.
   *
   * Note that the <context:component-scan> element
   * has an annotation-config attribute; however,
   * this annotation does not. This is because
   * in almost all cases when using @ComponentScan,
   * default annotation config processing
   * (e.g. processing @Autowired and friends)
   * is assumed. Furthermore, when using 
   * AnnotationConfigApplicationContext,
   * annotation config processors are always
   * registered, meaning that any attempt to disable
   * them at the @ComponentScan level would be ignored.
   */
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
  @Documented
  @Repeatable(ComponentScans.class)
  public @interface ComponentScan {
       
  	...
  }
  

  在说明中我们可以得知：@ComponentScan只负责指定要扫描的包，并没有装配其中的类，这个真正装配这些类是@EnableAutoConfiguration。
• @EnableAutoConfiguration

  @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  @Documented
  @Inherited
  @AutoConfigurationPackage
  @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
  public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
       
  	...
  }
  

  该类真正完成了SpringBoot对于类的装配工作，具体内容在后续会作出解释。
  
  

2、以@Enable开头的注解

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以@Enable开头的注解(@EnableXxx)一般用于开启某一项功能，是为了简化代码的导入。它是一个组合注解，一般情况下@EnableXxx注解中都会组合一个@Import注解，而该@Import注解用于导入指定的类，而被导入的类一般有三种：

2.1、配置类

• 类的特征：@Import中指定的类一般以Configuration结尾
• 类的配置：该类上会注解@Configuration
• 类的案例：定时任务启动注解：SchedulingConfiguration

  @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  @Import(SchedulingConfiguration.class)
  @Documented
  public @interface EnableScheduling {
       
  }
  

2.2、选择器

• 类的特征：@Import中指定的类一般以 Selector 结尾
• 类的配置：该类直接或间接实现了ImportSelector接口，表示当前类会根据条件选择导入不同的类。
• 类的案例：Redis配置类：CachingConfigurationSelector

  @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  @Documented
  @Import(CachingConfigurationSelector.class)
  public @interface EnableCaching {
       
  	...
  }
  

  public class CachingConfigurationSelector extends AdviceModeImportSelector<EnableCaching> {
       
  	...
  	@Override
  	public String[] selectImports(AdviceMode adviceMode) {
       
  		switch (adviceMode) {
       
  			case PROXY:
  				return getProxyImports();
  			case ASPECTJ:
  				return getAspectJImports();
  			default:
  				return null;
  		}
  	}
  	...
  }
  

2.3、注册器

• 类的特征：@Import 中指定的类一般以 Registrar 结尾。
• 类的配置：该类直接或间接实现了ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar接口，用于导入注册器，该类可以在代码运行时动态注册指定类的实例。
• 类的案例：AspectJ：AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar

  @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
  @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
  @Documented
  @Import(AspectJAutoProxyRegistrar.class)
  public @interface EnableAspectJAutoProxy