KVM虚机增加硬盘空间

现有的虚机环境硬盘空间不足，频频因为硬盘空间不足而导致失败，比如IDE报磁盘空间不足，下载代码失败等等，重新创建虚机还需要把现有的工作环境迁移过去，也比较麻烦，就采取了扩展硬盘空间的方式，把扩展迁移过程整理记录下来。

1. 给虚机增加新硬盘

可以通过命令行操作，此处是通过virt-manager界面操作的，更加直观简便。
在虚拟机关闭状态下，打开，增加硬盘：


添加成功后如下，就可以启动虚拟机了：

2. 挂载硬盘

首先要对硬盘进行分区格式化，然后挂载。
首先确认硬盘已经加上了

[root@builder xxxx]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ba7f5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/vda2         2099200     6293503     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda3         6293504    41943039    17824768   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x280b107d

此处的/dev/vdb就是新加的硬盘。接下来进行分区格式化：

[root@builder xxxx]# fdisk /dev/vdb

Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/vdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x280b107d
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
 
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
Using default value 1
First sector (2048-314572800, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-314572800, default 314572800):
Using default value 314572800
 
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
 
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

一路采用默认值即可，完成后把分区信息写入分区表，最后成功后如下 ：

[root@builder xxxx]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ba7f5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/vda2         2099200     6293503     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/vda3         6293504    41943039    17824768   83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x280b107d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048    62914559    31456256   83  Linux

接下来挂载硬盘：

[root@builder xxxx]# mkdir workspace
[root@builder xxxx]# mount /dev/vdb1 /workspace
[root@builder xxxx]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda3        17G   16G  1.5G  92% /
devtmpfs        3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           3.9G  8.4M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs           3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vdb1        30G   45M   28G   1% /workspace
/dev/vda1      1014M  158M  857M  16% /boot
tmpfs           783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/1000

为了在虚机重启后硬盘自动挂载，还需要在/etc/fstab中增加如下记录：

UUID=ec794942-802d-4a17-9ba1-2fc60abc3ed4 /workspace              ext4    defaults        0 2

其中UUID是新加硬盘的标识，可以通过如下命令获取：

[root@builder xxxx]# lsblk -f
NAME   FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
sr0
vda
├─vda1 xfs          6f5d5a74-587c-4923-b784-89882816aee7 /boot
├─vda2 swap         ddaa321f-d418-4afd-b1f5-763426f62fd9 [SWAP]
└─vda3 xfs          a9090e7f-1e26-4a79-9266-28832c0f5d1f /
vdb
└─vdb1 ext4         ec794942-802d-4a17-9ba1-2fc60abc3ed4 /workspace

3. 工作环境迁移

原来的工作内容都放在/home目录下，为了平滑迁移，最好保持目录不变，尝试把home目录改名，然后把挂载点直接创建成/home，这样直接把内容拷贝过去就可以直接工作了。但是home改名失败了：

[root@builder /]# mv home home1
mv: cannot move ‘home’ to ‘home1’: Device or resource busy

网上查了一下貌似因为home和home1在同一个分区不能改名，只好曲线救国：

[root@builder xxxx]# mv yyy /workspace/yyy
[root@builder xxxx]# ln -s /workspace/yyy ./yyy

还有权限问题

[root@builder xxxx]# chown zzz:zzz /workspace

4. 参考

1. kvm-虚拟机增加硬盘空间
2. mv: cannot move /home' to/old_home’: Device or resource busy