英文论文常用缩写

看论文看到的都会写上来，持续更新～

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缩写	完整写法	含义
et al.	et alia	等人，以及其他人
etc.	et cetera	等物
e.g.	exampli gratia	例如
i.e.	id est	“that is” , “in other words”
w.r.t.	with respect to	“关于” 常用于求导，或者满足一定条件之类的情况。
i.i.d.	Independent and identically distributed	独立同分布
iff	if and only if	当且仅当

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Tips：

etc. 与 et al. 的区别：

• 人的场合用 “et al.”，而无生命的场合用 “etc.”

一些例句：

• We also make assumption on the Lipschitz gradient w.r.t. data, which is used in (Fallah et al., 2020; Reisizadeh et al., 2020) for analyzing the heterogeneous data distribution across clients. (Link)
• However, many of those methods assume that the data distribution is i.i.d cross distributed clients, which is not the case in FL setting. (Link)