部署-用RPM安装MySQL 5.7（CentOS 7.7）

一、下载 rpm 包

总共需要下载 4 个rpm包：

1、RPM Package, Shared Libraries（MySQL客户端应用程序所依赖的共享类库）

$ wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2、RPM Package, MySQL Configuration（MySQL客户端与服务端的公用类库文件）

$ wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

3、RPM Package, Client Utilities（MySQL客户端）

$ wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

4、RPM Package, MySQL Server（MySQL服务端）

$ wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

为了方便，可以把上述四条下载命令合并成一条

$ cd /tmp \
  && wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm \
  && wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm \
  && wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm \
  && wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

二、安装 rpm 包

先卸载Linux上已安装的mariadb相关的软件包，避免跟待安装的MySQL的rpm包冲突

$  yum remove mariadb-libs -y

由于上述四个rpm包之间存在依赖关系，故请按如下顺序先后安装相应的rpm包

1. mysql-community-common
2. mysql-community-libs
3. mysql-community-client
4. mysql-community-server

如果安装顺序不对，可能会报如下的依赖错误，当然也可从这些错误提示中了解它们的依赖关系

(1) error: Failed dependencies: mysql-community-common(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64
(2) error: Failed dependencies: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64
(3) error: Failed dependencies: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64
(4) error: Failed dependencies: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.30-1.el7 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64

安装基础依赖 numactl

numactl：Library for tuning for Non Uniform Memory Access machines

$ yum install numactl -y

安装 MySQL

$ rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm \
  mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm \
  mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm \
  mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

或者

$ rpm -ivh mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

如果你想要卸载MySQL的话

$ yum remove -y mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64

为了方便，可以将上述所有命令合并成一条命令

$ cd /tmp \
  && yum remove mariadb-libs -y \
  && yum install numactl -y \
  && rpm -ivh mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

三、启动与使用

启动 MySQLd

$ systemctl start mysqld

开机自启

这一步其实是多余的，因为使用 rpm 安装 mysql 的过程中，其实已经自动开启了开机自启功能

$ systemctl enable mysqld

获取 MySQLd 自动生成的 root 用户密码

$ cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep 'A temporary password is generated for root@localhost'

修改 root 用户密码

shell> mysql -uroot -p

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
mysql> flush privileges;

四、参考资料

• MySQL Community Downloads（MySQL官方下载地址）
• MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual -> 2.5.5 Installing MySQL on Linux Using RPM Packages from Oracle