Socket编程
要想客户端和服务器能在网络中通信,那必须得使用 Socket
编程。
服务端首先调用 socket()
函数,创建网络协议为 IPv4
,以及传输协议为 TCP
的 Socket
,接着调用 bind()
函数,给这个 Socket
绑定一个 IP
地址和端口。然后,服务端可以调用 listen()
函数进行监听,进入了监听状态后,通过调用 accept()
函数,来从内核获取客户端的连接,如果没有客户端连接,则会阻塞等待客户端连接的到来。
客户端在创建好 Socket
后,调用 connect()
函数发起连接,该函数的参数要指明服务端的 IP
地址和端口号,接着就是开始三次握手。
在 TCP
连接的过程中,服务器的内核实际上为每个 Socket
维护了两个队列:
- 半连接队列
- 全连接队列
当 TCP
全连接队列不为空后,服务端的 accept()
函数,就会从内核中的 TCP
全连接队列里拿出一个已经完成连接的 Socket
返回应用程序,后续数据传输都用这个 Socket
。因此,进行三次握手的Socket
和传输数据的Socket
是不一样的。
连接建立后,客户端和服务端就开始相互传输数据了,双方都可以通过 read()
和 write()
函数来读写数据。
下面看一下同步阻塞的方式实现的Socket
通信。将两份cpp文件放在不同工程中,分别生成。
server.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
int main()
{
//1. 请求协议版本
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2) {
printf("request failed!\n");
return -1;
}
printf("request protocol success!\n");
//2. 创建Socket
SOCKET serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (serverSocket == SOCKET_ERROR) {
printf("create failed!\n");
WSACleanup();
return -2;
}
printf("create socket success!\n");
//3.创建协议族
SOCKADDR_IN addr = { 0 };
addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //协议版本
addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("192.168.1.127");
addr.sin_port = htons(10086);//0-65535 10000左右
//4.绑定
int r = bind(serverSocket, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof addr);
if (-1 == r) {
printf("bind failed!\n");
closesocket(serverSocket);
WSACleanup();
return -2;
}
printf("bind success!\n");
//5.监听
r = listen(serverSocket, 10);
if (-1 == r) {
printf("listen failed!\n");
closesocket(serverSocket);
WSACleanup();
return -2;
}
printf("listen success!\n");
//6.等待客户端连接 阻塞
SOCKADDR_IN cAddr = { 0 };
int len = sizeof(cAddr);
SOCKET clientSocket = accept(serverSocket, (sockaddr*)&cAddr, &len);
if (SOCKET_ERROR == clientSocket) {
printf("serverd failed!\n");
closesocket(clientSocket);
WSACleanup();
return -2;
}
printf("one client(%s) has connected server!\n", inet_ntoa(cAddr.sin_addr));
//7.通信
char buff[1024];
while (1) {
r = recv(clientSocket, buff, 1023, NULL);
if (r > 0) {
buff[r] = 0; // 添加'\0'
printf(">>%s\n", buff);
}
}
return 0;
}
client.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
int main()
{
//1. 请求协议版本
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2) {
printf("request failed!\n");
return -1;
}
printf("request protocol success!\n");
//2. 创建Socket
SOCKET clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (clientSocket == SOCKET_ERROR) {
printf("create failed!\n");
WSACleanup();
return -2;
}
printf("create socket success!\n");
//3.获取服务器协议族
SOCKADDR_IN addr = { 0 };
addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //协议版本
addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("192.168.1.127");
addr.sin_port = htons(10086);//0-65535 10000左右
//4.连接服务器
int r = connect(clientSocket, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof addr);
if (r == -1) {
printf("connecting server failed!\n");
return -1;
}
printf("connecting server success!\n");
//5.通信
char buff[1024];
while (1) {
memset(buff, 0, 1024);
printf("please enter your words: ");
gets_s(buff);
r = send(clientSocket, buff, strlen(buff), NULL);
}
return 0;
}
通信效果
多线程模型
同步阻塞的方式只能让服务器服务一个客户端,当服务器没有结束当前客户端的网络I/O
时,其他客户端是无法连接服务器的。因此,我们可以使用多线程模型来处理多客户端的请求。
server.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
SOCKADDR_IN cAddr = { 0 };
int len = sizeof(cAddr);
SOCKET clientSocket[1024];
int count = 0;
void communication(int idx) {
char buff[1024];
int r;
while (1) {
r = recv(clientSocket[idx], buff, 1023, NULL);
if (r > 0) {
buff[r] = 0;
printf("%d:%s\n", idx, buff);
//广播数据
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
send(clientSocket[i], buff, strlen(buff), NULL);
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
//1. 请求协议版本
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2) {
printf("request failed!\n");
return -1;
}
printf("request protocol success!\n");
//2. 创建Socket
SOCKET serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (serverSocket == SOCKET_ERROR) {
printf("create failed!\n");
WSACleanup();
return -2;
}
printf("create socket success!\n");
//3.创建协议族
SOCKADDR_IN addr = { 0 };
addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //协议版本
addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("192.168.1.127");
addr.sin_port = htons(10086);//0-65535 10000左右
//4.绑定
int r = bind(serverSocket, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof addr);
if (-1 == r) {
printf("bind failed!\n");
closesocket(serverSocket);
WSACleanup();
return -2;
}
printf("bind success!\n");
//5.监听
r = listen(serverSocket, 10);
if (-1 == r) {
printf("listen failed!\n");
closesocket(serverSocket);
WSACleanup();
return -2;
}
printf("listen success!\n");
//6.等待客户端连接 阻塞
while (1) {
clientSocket[count] = accept(serverSocket, (sockaddr*)&cAddr, &len);
if (SOCKET_ERROR == clientSocket[count]) {
printf("serverd failed!\n");
closesocket(serverSocket);
WSACleanup();
return -2;
}
printf("one client(%s) has connected server!\n", inet_ntoa(cAddr.sin_addr));
CreateThread(NULL, NULL, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)communication, (char*)count, NULL, NULL);
count++;
}
//7.通信
char buff[1024];
while (1) {
r = recv(clientSocket[count], buff, 1023, NULL);
if (r > 0) {
buff[r] = 0; // 添加'\0'
printf(">>%s\n", buff);
}
}
return 0;
}
client.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <graphics.h> //easyX
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
SOCKET clientSocket;
HWND hWnd;
int count = 0;
void received() {
char recvBuff[1024];
int r;
while (1) {
r = recv(clientSocket, recvBuff, 1023, NULL);
if (r > 0) {
recvBuff[r] = 0;
outtextxy(0, count * 20, recvBuff);
count++;
}
}
}
int main()
{
initgraph(300, 400, SHOWCONSOLE);
//1. 请求协议版本
WSADATA wsaData;
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2) {
printf("request failed!\n");
return -1;
}
printf("request protocol success!\n");
//2. 创建Socket
clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
if (clientSocket == SOCKET_ERROR) {
printf("create failed!\n");
WSACleanup();
return -2;
}
printf("create socket success!\n");
//3.获取服务器协议族
SOCKADDR_IN addr = { 0 };
addr.sin_family = AF_INET; //协议版本
addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("192.168.1.127");
addr.sin_port = htons(10086);//0-65535 10000左右
//4.连接服务器
int r = connect(clientSocket, (sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof addr);
if (r == -1) {
printf("connecting server failed!\n");
return -1;
}
printf("connecting server success!\n");
//5.通信
char buff[1024];
CreateThread(NULL, NULL, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)received, NULL, NULL, NULL);
while (1) {
memset(buff, 0, 1024);
printf("please enter your words: ");
gets_s(buff);
r = send(clientSocket, buff, strlen(buff), NULL);
}
return 0;
}
参考文献