Python--实现一个Web框架demo

本文介绍如何使用Python实现一个简单的Web框架,基于对Flask和Django的理解,涵盖了TCP服务器和Web框架的基本原理。客户端通过TCP连接到服务器,服务器利用WSGI接口与框架交互,而框架则通过装饰器将URL映射到处理函数。虽然不涉及模板,但讨论了Socket编程和装饰器在实际项目中的应用。
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通过对Flask和Django的个人理解和知识总结,可以运用python完成一个小的demo框架,虽然没有涉及到模板等诸多功能,但是用到的知识点都是比较多,如Socket编程,装饰器传参在实际项目中如何使用等等。

1. 客户端与服务器通信过程

客户端与服务器通信过程
说明:

TCP服务器:
  • 1.1 服务器主要是用来处理客户端的连接请求,然后把请求的url,传递给框架来处理具体的逻- 辑;
  • 1.2 服务器中需要定义一个处理响应头和状态码的函数,并作为参数传递给web框架的接口;
  • 1.3 服务器与web框架之间的通信主要是通过WSGI协议提供的接口,这样他们各司其职,耦合度很低
web框架:

在框架中需要解决的难题:
如何把url与相应的函数建立起关联?
浏览器发送不同的请求需要被不同的函数截取,并返回响应体。通过装饰器传递参数的方式就可以把url与函数建立对应关系。装饰器中的参数就是用来匹配url的。

2. 代码

服务器:

import logging
import socket
import select
import re


import wsgi_web


logging.basicConfig(level=logging.WARNING,
                    filename='./web框架日志.txt',
                    filemode='w',
                    format='%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] - %(levelname)s: %(message)s')


class WebServer:
    """创建一个Web服务器"""
    def __init__(self):
        # 1.创建tcp socket
        self.tcp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        # 2.设置地址可重用
        self.tcp_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
        # 3.绑定到某个端口
        self.tcp_socket.bind(('', 6060))
        # 4.设置监听队列
        self.tcp_socket.listen(128)

    def run(self):
        """运行服务器"""
        # 1.设置tcp_socket为非阻塞状态
文件: import scrapy from demo1.items import Demo1Item import urllib from scrapy import log # BOSS直聘网站爬虫职位 class DemoSpider(scrapy.Spider): # 爬虫名, 启动爬虫时需要的参数*必填 name = 'demo' # 爬取域范围,允许爬虫在这个域名下进行爬取(可选) allowed_domains = ['zhipin.com'] # 爬虫需要的url start_urls = ['https://www.zhipin.com/c101280600/h_101280600/?query=测试'] def parse(self, response): node_list = response.xpath("//div[@class='job-primary']") # 用来存储所有的item字段 # items = [] for node in node_list: item = Demo1Item() # extract() 将xpath对象转换为Unicode字符串 href = node.xpath("./div[@class='info-primary']//a/@href").extract() job_title = node.xpath("./div[@class='info-primary']//a/div[@class='job-title']/text()").extract() salary = node.xpath("./div[@class='info-primary']//a/span/text()").extract() working_place = node.xpath("./div[@class='info-primary']/p/text()").extract() company_name = node.xpath("./div[@class='info-company']//a/text()").extract() item['href'] = href[0] item['job_title'] = job_title[0] item['sa 报错: C:\Users\xieqianyun\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe "C:\Users\xieqianyun\PyCharm Community Edition 2019.2.5\helpers\pydev\pydevconsole.py" --mode=client --port=55825 import sys; print('Python %s on %s' % (sys.version, sys.platform)) sys.path.extend(['C:\\Users\\xieqianyun\\demo1', 'C:/Users/xieqianyun/demo1']) Python 3.6.5 (v3.6.5:f59c0932b4, Mar 28 2018, 17:00:18) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information IPython 7.10.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help. PyDev console: using IPython 7.10.0 Python 3.6.5 (v3.6.5:f59c0932b4, Mar 28 2018, 17:00:18) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 runfile('C:/Users/xieqianyun/demo1/demo1/begin.py', wdir='C:/Users/xieqianyun/demo1/demo1') Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\IPython\core\interactiveshell.py", line 3319, in run_code exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns) File "<ipython-input-2-fc5979762143>", line 1, in <module> runfile('C:/Users/xieqianyun/demo1/demo1/begin.py', wdir='C:/Users/xieqianyun/demo1/demo1') File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\PyCharm Community Edition 2019.2.5\helpers\pydev\_pydev_bundle\pydev_umd.py", line 197, in runfile pydev_imports.execfile(filename, global_vars, local_vars) # execute the script File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\PyCharm Community Edition 2019.2.5\helpers\pydev\_pydev_imps\_pydev_execfile.py", line 18, in execfile exec(compile(contents+"\n", file, 'exec'), glob, loc) File "C:/Users/xieqianyun/demo1/demo1/begin.py", line 3, in <module> cmdline.execute('scrapy crawl demo'.split()) File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\scrapy\cmdline.py", line 145, in execute cmd.crawler_process = CrawlerProcess(settings) File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py", line 267, in __init__ super(CrawlerProcess, self).__init__(settings) File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py", line 145, in __init__ self.spider_loader = _get_spider_loader(settings) File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py", line 347, in _get_spider_loader return loader_cls.from_settings(settings.frozencopy()) File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spiderloader.py", line 61, in from_settings return cls(settings) File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spiderloader.py", line 25, in __init__ self._load_all_spiders() File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\scrapy\spiderloader.py", line 47, in _load_all_spiders for module in walk_modules(name): File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\misc.py", line 73, in walk_modules submod = import_module(fullpath) File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level) File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed File "C:\Users\xieqianyun\demo1\demo1\spiders\demo.py", line 4, in <module> from scrapy import log ImportError: cannot import name 'log'
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