Python学习笔记（四）

高级特性

# 高级特性

# 切片（Slice）
L = []
n = 5 
m = 20 
s = 2
for x in range(97,123):
		L.append(chr(x))
print(L[n:m:s])		# 索引n到索引m,不包含m(n,m可以为负),s为步长.(-1为倒数第一个元素)

chr(97)			#asc码转字符
ord('a')		#字符转asc码

# 迭代
# 判断对象是否可以迭代
from collections import Iterable
flag = isinstance(18, Iterable)
print(flag) 

# 遍历list/tuple
for x in L:						
	print(x)

# 遍历dictionary
D = {'a':'1', 'b':'2', 'c':'3'}		
for value in D.values():	#遍历value
	print(value)	

for key in D.keys():		#遍历key
	print(key)

for (key,value) in D.items():		#遍历key,value
	print(key,value)

# 列表生成式

# 常规循环
l1 = []
for x in range(1, 11):
	l1.append(x)

# 列表生成式
l2 = [x for x in range(1,11)]		
l3 = [x*2+1 for x in range(1, 11) if(x%2==0)]		#加判断和运算
l4 = [m + n for m in 'ABC' for n in 'XYZ']		#双层循环全排 
l5 = [k + '=' + v for k, v in D.items()]

print(l1)
print(l2)
print(l3)
print(l4)
print(l5)

# 生成器(generator)

# 生成式[]改为()创建一个生成器
g1 = (x for x in range(1,11))	
for n in g1:
	print(n)

# 函数yield 一个值创建一个生成器
def sum(n):
	swap = 0;
	for x in range(n+1):
		swap += x*x
		yield swap

for x in sum(5):
	print(x)