文章目录
六大部件的关系
容器——结构与分类
set与multiset的区别:set中的key值(key就是value)不可以重复,而multiset可以重复。
实现底层是红黑树,保持高度平衡的二叉树。自动调整
sequence 容器
使用容器array——代码案例
#include <array>
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib> //qsort, bsearch, NULL
namespace jj01
{
void test_array()
{
cout << "\ntest_array().......... \n";
array<long,ASIZE> c;
clock_t timeStart = clock();
for(long i=0; i< ASIZE; ++i) {
c[i] = rand();
}
cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl; //
cout << "array.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
cout << "array.front()= " << c.front() << endl;
cout << "array.back()= " << c.back() << endl;
cout << "array.data()= " << c.data() << endl; //array.data() :起始位地址
long target = get_a_target_long();//输入要寻找的目标
timeStart = clock();//该函数从运行开始到该指令的毫妙数
::qsort(c.data(), ASIZE, sizeof(long), compareLongs);//qsort():1.起始位地址;2.元素个数;3.类型大小;4.比较函数(策略)
long* pItem = (long*)::bsearch(&target, (c.data()), ASIZE, sizeof(long), compareLongs);
cout << "qsort()+bsearch(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl; //先排序,再二分查找
if (pItem != NULL)
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
}
}
long get_a_target_long()
{
long target=0;
cout << "target (0~" << RAND_MAX << "): ";
cin >> target;
return target;
}
使用容器vector——代码案例
#include <vector>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib> //abort()
#include <cstdio> //snprintf()
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <algorithm> //sort()
namespace jj02
{
void test_vector(long& value)//传过来元素个数
{
cout << "\ntest_vector().......... \n";
vector<string> c;
char buf[10];
clock_t timeStart = clock();
for(long i=0; i< value; ++i)
{
try {
snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
c.push_back(string(buf)); //尾部插入,双倍增长
}
catch(exception& p) {
cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
//曾經最高 i=58389486 then std::bad_alloc,内存不够
abort();
}
}
cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
cout << "vector.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl; //1073747823
cout << "vector.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
cout << "vector.front()= " << c.front() << endl;
cout << "vector.back()= " << c.back() << endl;
cout << "vector.data()= " << c.data() << endl;
cout << "vector.capacity()= " << c.capacity() << endl << endl;
string target = get_a_target_string();
{
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target);
cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl << endl;
}
{
timeStart = clock();
sort(c.begin(), c.end());
cout << "sort(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
timeStart = clock();
string* pItem = (string*)::bsearch(&target, (c.data()),
c.size(), sizeof(string), compareStrings);
cout << "bsearch(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != NULL)
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl << endl;
}
c.clear();
test_moveable(vector<MyString>(),vector<MyStrNoMove>(), value);
}
}
使用容器list——代码案例
#include <list>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib> //abort()
#include <cstdio> //snprintf()
#include <algorithm> //find()
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
namespace jj03
{
void test_list(long& value)
{
cout << "\ntest_list().......... \n";
list<string> c;
char buf[10];
clock_t timeStart = clock();
for(long i=0; i< value; ++i)
{
try {
snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
c.push_back(string(buf));
}
catch(exception& p) {
cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
abort();
}
}
cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
cout << "list.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
cout << "list.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl; //357913941
cout << "list.front()= " << c.front() << endl;
cout << "list.back()= " << c.back() << endl;
string target = get_a_target_string();
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target);
cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
timeStart = clock();
c.sort();
cout << "c.sort(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
c.clear();
test_moveable(list<MyString>(),list<MyStrNoMove>(), value);
}
}
使用容器forward list——代码案例
#include <forward_list>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib> //abort()
#include <cstdio> //snprintf()
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
namespace jj04
{
void test_forward_list(long& value)
{
cout << "\ntest_forward_list().......... \n";
forward_list<string> c;
char buf[10];
clock_t timeStart = clock();
for(long i=0; i< value; ++i)
{
try {
snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
c.push_front(string(buf));
}
catch(exception& p) {
cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
abort();
}
}
cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
cout << "forward_list.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl; //536870911
cout << "forward_list.front()= " << c.front() << endl;
string target = get_a_target_string();
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target);
cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
timeStart = clock();
c.sort();
cout << "c.sort(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
c.clear();
}
}
使用容器deque——代码案例
分段连续——由内部连续的段组成。前后都可再次扩充段。
#include <deque>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib> //abort()
#include <cstdio> //snprintf()
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
namespace jj05
{
void test_deque(long& value)
{
cout << "\ntest_deque().......... \n";
deque<string> c;
char buf[10];
clock_t timeStart = clock();
for(long i=0; i< value; ++i)
{
try {
snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
c.push_back(string(buf));
}
catch(exception& p) {
cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
abort();
}
}
cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
cout << "deque.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
cout << "deque.front()= " << c.front() << endl;
cout << "deque.back()= " << c.back() << endl;
cout << "deque.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl; //1073741821
string target = get_a_target_string();
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target);
cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
timeStart = clock();
sort(c.begin(), c.end());
cout << "sort(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
c.clear();
test_moveable(deque<MyString>(),deque<MyStrNoMove>(), value);
}
}
关联式容器
使用容器multiset——代码案例
#include <set>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib> //abort()
#include <cstdio> //snprintf()
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
namespace jj06
{
void test_multiset(long& value)
{
cout << "\ntest_multiset().......... \n";
multiset<string> c;
char buf[10];
clock_t timeStart = clock();
for(long i=0; i< value; ++i)
{
try {
snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
c.insert(string(buf));
}
catch(exception& p) {
cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
abort();
}
}
cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
cout << "multiset.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
cout << "multiset.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl; //214748364
string target = get_a_target_string();
{
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target); //比 c.find(...) 慢很多
cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
}
{
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = c.find(target); //比 std::find(...) 快很多
cout << "c.find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
}
c.clear();
test_moveable(multiset<MyString>(),multiset<MyStrNoMove>(), value);
}
}
使用容器multimap——代码案例
#include <map>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib> //abort()
#include <cstdio> //snprintf()
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
namespace jj07
{
void test_multimap(long& value)
{
cout << "\ntest_multimap().......... \n";
multimap<long, string> c; //两个容器,第一个是key,第二个是value
char buf[10];
clock_t timeStart = clock();
for(long i=0; i< value; ++i)
{
try {
snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
//multimap 不可使用 [] 做 insertion
c.insert(pair<long,string>(i,buf)); //key为0~1000000,value为随机数
}
catch(exception& p) {
cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
abort();
}
}
cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
cout << "multimap.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
cout << "multimap.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl; //178956970
long target = get_a_target_long();
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = c.find(target);
cout << "c.find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, value=" << (*pItem).second << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
c.clear();
}
}
使用容器set——代码案例
#include <set>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib> //abort()
#include <cstdio> //snprintf()
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
namespace jj13
{
void test_set(long& value)
{
cout << "\ntest_set().......... \n";
set<string> c;
char buf[10];
clock_t timeStart = clock();
for(long i=0; i< value; ++i)
{
try {
snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
c.insert(string(buf));
}
catch(exception& p) {
cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
abort();
}
}
cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
cout << "set.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
cout << "set.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl; //214748364
string target = get_a_target_string();
{
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target); //比 c.find(...) 慢很多
cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
}
{
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = c.find(target); //比 std::find(...) 快很多
cout << "c.find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
}
}
}
使用容器map——代码案例
注意:放入元素的时候,使用的是[ ],c[i]=string(buf),i=key,右边=value,即可以指定key
#include <map>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib> //abort()
#include <cstdio> //snprintf()
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
namespace jj14
{
void test_map(long& value)
{
cout << "\ntest_map().......... \n";
map<long, string> c;
char buf[10];
clock_t timeStart = clock();
for(long i=0; i< value; ++i)
{
try {
snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
c[i] = string(buf);
}
catch(exception& p) {
cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
abort();
}
}
cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
cout << "map.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
cout << "map.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl; //178956970
long target = get_a_target_long();
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = c.find(target);
cout << "c.find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, value=" << (*pItem).second << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
c.clear();
}
}
unordered 容器
使用容器unordered_multiset——代码案例
注意:bucket_count:篮子的个数
1.篮子个数可能大于元素个数(空篮子)
2.当元素个数大于篮子个数时,需要重新调整篮子个数。
#include <unordered_set>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib> //abort()
#include <cstdio> //snprintf()
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
namespace jj08
{
void test_unordered_multiset(long& value)
{
cout << "\ntest_unordered_multiset().......... \n";
unordered_multiset<string> c;
char buf[10];
clock_t timeStart = clock();
for(long i=0; i< value; ++i)
{
try {
snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
c.insert(string(buf));
}
catch(exception& p) {
cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
abort();
}
}
cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
cout << "unordered_multiset.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
cout << "unordered_multiset.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl; //357913941
cout << "unordered_multiset.bucket_count()= " << c.bucket_count() << endl;
cout << "unordered_multiset.load_factor()= " << c.load_factor() << endl;
cout << "unordered_multiset.max_load_factor()= " << c.max_load_factor() << endl;
cout << "unordered_multiset.max_bucket_count()= " << c.max_bucket_count() << endl;
for (unsigned i=0; i< 20; ++i) {
cout << "bucket #" << i << " has " << c.bucket_size(i) << " elements.\n";
}
string target = get_a_target_string();
{
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = find(c.begin(), c.end(), target); //比 c.find(...) 慢很多
cout << "std::find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
}
{
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = c.find(target); //比 std::find(...) 快很多
cout << "c.find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, " << *pItem << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
}
c.clear();
test_moveable(unordered_multiset<MyString>(),unordered_multiset<MyStrNoMove>(), value);
}
}
使用容器unordered_multimap——代码案例
#include <unordered_map>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib> //abort()
#include <cstdio> //snprintf()
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
namespace jj09
{
void test_unordered_multimap(long& value)
{
cout << "\ntest_unordered_multimap().......... \n";
unordered_multimap<long, string> c;
char buf[10];
clock_t timeStart = clock();
for(long i=0; i< value; ++i)
{
try {
snprintf(buf, 10, "%d", rand());
//multimap 不可使用 [] 進行 insertion
c.insert(pair<long,string>(i,buf));
}
catch(exception& p) {
cout << "i=" << i << " " << p.what() << endl;
abort();
}
}
cout << "milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
cout << "unordered_multimap.size()= " << c.size() << endl;
cout << "unordered_multimap.max_size()= " << c.max_size() << endl; //357913941
long target = get_a_target_long();
timeStart = clock();
auto pItem = c.find(target);
cout << "c.find(), milli-seconds : " << (clock()-timeStart) << endl;
if (pItem != c.end())
cout << "found, value=" << (*pItem).second << endl;
else
cout << "not found! " << endl;
}
}