【HCIP重发布选路实验】

实验要求

1、使用双点双向重发布
2、所有路由器进行最佳选路
3、存在备份路径，不得出现环路，和路由回馈

路由

R1

[r1]rip 1

[r1-rip-1]version  2

[r1-rip-1]undo    summary

[r1-rip-1]network    12.0.0.0

[r1-rip-1]network   14.0.0.0

[r1-rip-1]network  1.0.0.0

R2

[r2]RIP 1

[r2-rip-1]version   2

[r2-rip-1]undo  summary

[r2-rip-1]network    12.0.0.0

[r2-rip-1]network   2.0.0.0
 

[r2]ospf 1 router-id    2.2.2.2

[r2-ospf-1]area  0

[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network   23.1.1.1 0.0.0.0         

R3

[r3]ospf 1 router-id  3.3.3.3

[r3-ospf-1]area  0

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network    3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network    23.1.1.2 0.0.0.0

[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network    34.1.1.2 0.0.0.0

R4

[r4]ospf   1 router-id    4.4.4.4

[r4-ospf-1]area  0

[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0

[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network  34.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

[r4]rip  1

[r4-rip-1]version  2

[r4-rip-1]undo    summary

[r4-rip-1]network   14.0.0.0

全网可达————重发布

R2

 [r2]ospf   1

 [r2-ospf-1]import-route   rip 1

 [r2]rip 1

 [r2-rip-1]import-route ospf   1

R4

[r4]rip 1

[r4-rip-1]import-route   ospf  1

[r4]ospf 1

[r4-ospf-1]import-route  rip  1

R4的环回加载了两次，即通过OSPF收敛的是/32的路由，/24的是重发布进rip的路由，因为掩码不同所以加载了两次，简单的讲R4的环回经重发布又回到了ospf区域，算是回馈。所以R2和R4均有两条4.4.4.0掩码不同的路由，所以处理有两种方式。  一是修改环回网络类型，二是改环回ip的掩码为32.

 [r4]interface LoopBack   0

 [r4-LoopBack1]ip address    4.4.4.4  32

 仍然没有变化

[r4]undo interface LoopBack  0

通过查看R1的路由表，发现4.4.4.0/24的路由条目一直存在，再没有改变环回的情况下，4.4.4.0/24由于rip、ospf 的收敛及重发布技术，当4.4.4.0/24循环至R3时，R3会将其传给R4,由于R4有直连4.4.4.0/24，所以不要R3的4.4.4.0/24，当人为改变R4的环回，因为其没有直连4.4.4.0/24，当R3再次把从R2处收敛的4.4.4.0/24发给R4,其会收敛，并发给R1,从而往返循环。所以才导致R4的环回为什么不消失。如果R1~R4运行RIP协议，当4.4.4.0/24的度量一直增大，所以其会意识到触环，马上动作删除该路由条目。

解决上述问题：断开R4物理链路接口再重启。

[r4]interface GigabitEthernet    0/0/0

 [r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown

 R1去所有网段负载均衡，说明情况正常

干涉选路

 1.匹配流量

[r2]ip ip-prefix  haha  permit    34.1.1.0 24

[r2]ip ip-prefix haha  permit    4.4.4.4 32

[r2]interface GigabitEthernet   0/0/0    

[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip  metricout   ip-prefix   haha   2      //接口下调用，增加度量。

R4：

[r4]ip ip-prefix  hehe  permit    23.1.1.0 24

[r4]interface  GigabitEthernet  0/0/1

[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip  metricout    ip-prefix    hehe 2

 

R2：

[r2]ip ip-prefix   haha permit    2.2.2.0 24

[r2]route-policy   haha  permit   node    10

[r2-route-policy]if-match    ip-prefix  haha

[r2-route-policy]apply  cost-type  type-1

[r2]ip ip-prefix  haha  permit    12.1.1.0 24

[r2]route-policy  haha  permit   node    230

[r2-route-policy]if-match    ip-prefix  haha

[r2-route-policy]apply   cost-type  type-1  

[r2]route-policy  haha  permit   node   340

[r2]ospf 1

[r2-ospf-1]import-route   rip 1 route-policy   haha

R4

[r4]ip ip-prefix xixi  permit    14.1.1.0 24

[r4]route-policy  xixi permit   node  10

[r4-route-policy]if-match     ip-prefix xixi                                 

[r4-route-policy]apply  cost-type  type-1

[r4]route-policy xixi permit   node   20

[r4]ospf 1

[r4-ospf-1]import-route   rip  1 route-policy  xi

断掉R2的g0/0/0接口全走备份路径，说明优化成功。 

 恢复接口发现R1去R2的环回又负载均衡，首先R2/R4的路由表发生震荡，由于RIP比OSPF的收敛慢，这样R2通过ospf收敛到路由的速度比rip的快，又将从ospf区域收敛的路由重发布进RIP至R1，R1又因为水平分割，不能发路由给R2，但R1去R2的流量负载，为了达到原来的优化状态，可以down掉R2的ospf区域接口，再重启，路由恢复正常。

172.16.2.0/24 type 1
172.16.3.0/24 cost 6
172.16.4.0/24 type 1 cost 9
更改如上参数

 [r2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-[r2]ip ip-prefix 1 permit 172.16.1.0 24
[r2]ip ip-prefix 2 permit 172.16.2.0 24
Error: The prefix filter list already exists.
[r2]ip ip-prefix 3 permit 172.16.3.0 24
[r2]ip ip-prefix 4 permit 172.16.4.0 24
[r2]route-policy huawei deny node 10
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix 1
[r2-route-policy]q
[r2]route-policy huawei permit node 20
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-    
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix 2
[r2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[r2-route-policy]q    
[r2]route-policy huawei permit node 30
Info: New Sequence of this List.    
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix 3    
[r2-route-policy]apply cost 6
[r2-route-policy]q
[r2]route-policy huawei permit node 40
Info: New Sequence of this List.
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix 4    
[r2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[r2-route-policy]a    
[r2-route-policy]app    
[r2-route-policy]apply cost 9
[r2-route-policy]q
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]im    
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 r    
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip 1 route-policy huawei
[r2-ospf-1]q
[r2]route-policy huawei permit node 30
Info: You are overwriting this sequence.
[r2-route-policy]dis this
[V200R003C00]

route-policy huawei deny node 10 
 if-match ip-prefix 1 

route-policy huawei permit node 20 
 if-match ip-prefix 2 
 apply cost-type type-1 

route-policy huawei permit node 30 
 if-match ip-prefix 3 
 apply cost 6 

route-policy huawei permit node 40 
 if-match ip-prefix 4 
 apply cost 9 
 apply cost-type type-1 
 

return

[r2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1

4同上