编写UDP客户端和服务端集成到MenuOS里并跟踪分析UDP协议中数据包的收发处理过程

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-25 15:54:52 发布

SuperNinja2016

最新推荐文章于 2023-11-25 15:54:52 发布

阅读量364

点赞数

分类专栏：嵌入式Linux 文章标签：网络程序设计实验

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/SuperNinja2016/article/details/85148930

版权

嵌入式Linux 专栏收录该内容

2 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

编写UDP客户端和服务端集成到MenuOS里并跟踪分析UDP协议中数据包的收发处理过程

实验要求：

写一个UDP客户端和服务端单独执行，互相发送数据
把UDP客户端和服务端集成到MenuOS里
UDP sendto发送数据的过程
接收数据并解析放入队列
UDP recvfrom接收数据的过程，应该是从接收队列里取出数据
使用GDB调试，跟踪UDP收发数据的几个关键位置

编写UDP客户端和服务端代码，比较简单这里直接给出代码

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define SERVER_PORT 8888
#define BUFF_LEN 1024
void udp_server(int fd){
	char buf[BUFF_LEN];
	socklen_t len;
	int count;
	struct sockaddr_in clent_addr;
	while(1){
		memset(buf, 0, BUFF_LEN);
		len = sizeof(clent_addr);
		count = recvfrom(fd, buf, BUFF_LEN, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&clent_addr, &len);
		if(count == -1){
			printf("recieve data fail!\n");
			return;
		}
		printf("msg from client: %s\n",buf);
		memset(buf, 0, BUFF_LEN);
		sprintf(buf, "I have recieved %d bytes data!\n", count);
		printf("msg sent by server: %s\n",buf);
		sendto(fd, buf, BUFF_LEN, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&clent_addr, len);
	}
}

int udp_server_handler(){
	int server_fd, ret;
	struct sockaddr_in ser_addr; 

	server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if(server_fd < 0){
		printf("create socket fail!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	memset(&ser_addr, 0, sizeof(ser_addr));
	ser_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	ser_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	ser_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
	ret = bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&ser_addr, sizeof(ser_addr));
	if(ret < 0)
	{
		printf("socket bind fail!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	udp_server(server_fd);
	close(server_fd);
	return 0;
}

int start_udp_server(){
	int pid;
	pid = fork();
	if( pid < 0 ){
		exit(1);
	}else if( pid == 0 ){
		udp_server_handler();
	}else{
		printf("Please input udpclient\n");
	}
}

void udp_client(int fd, struct sockaddr* dst){
	socklen_t len;
	struct sockaddr_in src;
	char buf[BUFF_LEN] = "hello UDP";
	len = sizeof(*dst);
	printf("msg sent by client: %s\n",buf);
	sendto(fd, buf, BUFF_LEN, 0, dst, len);
	memset(buf, 0, BUFF_LEN);
	recvfrom(fd, buf, BUFF_LEN, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&src, &len);
	printf("msg from server: %s\n", buf);
}

int start_udp_client (int argc, char *argv[]){
	int client_fd;
	struct sockaddr_in ser_addr;

	client_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	if(client_fd < 0)
	{
		printf("create socket fail!\n");
		return -1;
	}

	memset(&ser_addr, 0, sizeof(ser_addr));
	ser_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	ser_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	ser_addr.sin_port = htons(SERVER_PORT);
	udp_client(client_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&ser_addr);
	close(client_fd);
	return 0;
}

集成UDP服务器和客户端到MenuOS，这里在实验楼中仿照课上孟宁老师给出的TCP服务器和客户端集成方法—参见lab3

将上述UDP服务端和客户端源码写入main.c文件中
在main函数中注册start_udp_server 和 start_udp_client 函数
保存后make rootfs 编译代码，并启动MenuOS，使用gdb进行调试

UDP收发过程分析

这里先给出UDP收发过程
在这里插入图片描述

UDP发送数据过程分析
在inet_sendmsg、udp_sendmsg出打断点，程序等待收发过程启动。

下面进行收发测试，这里只给出一次截图

在调试过程中，发现inet_sendmsg最后调用的是sendmsg，故这里主要分析udp_sendmsg源码。

int udp_sendmsg(struct kiocb *iocb, struct sock *sk, struct msghdr *msg,
		size_t len)
{
	struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk);
	struct udp_sock *up = udp_sk(sk);
	struct flowi4 fl4_stack;
	struct flowi4 *fl4;
	int ulen = len;
	struct ipcm_cookie ipc;
	struct rtable *rt = NULL;
	int free = 0;
	int connected = 0;
	__be32 daddr, faddr, saddr;
	__be16 dport;
	u8  tos;
	int err, is_udplite = IS_UDPLITE(sk);
	int corkreq = up->corkflag || msg->msg_flags&MSG_MORE;
	int (*getfrag)(void *, char *, int, int, int, struct sk_buff *);
	struct sk_buff *skb;
	struct ip_options_data opt_copy;

	if (len > 0xFFFF)
		return -EMSGSIZE;

	/*
	 *	Check the flags.
	 */

	if (msg->msg_flags & MSG_OOB) /* Mirror BSD error message compatibility */
		return -EOPNOTSUPP;

	ipc.opt = NULL;
	ipc.tx_flags = 0;
	ipc.ttl = 0;
	ipc.tos = -1;

	getfrag = is_udplite ? udplite_getfrag : ip_generic_getfrag;

	fl4 = &inet->cork.fl.u.ip4;
	if (up->pending) {
		/*
		 * There are pending frames.
		 * The socket lock must be held while it's corked.
		 */
		lock_sock(sk);
		if (likely(up->pending)) {
			if (unlikely(up->pending != AF_INET)) {
				release_sock(sk);
				return -EINVAL;
			}
			goto do_append_data;
		}
		release_sock(sk);
	}
	ulen += sizeof(struct udphdr);

	/*
	 *	Get and verify the address.
	 */
	if (msg->msg_name) {
		DECLARE_SOCKADDR(struct sockaddr_in *, usin, msg->msg_name);
		if (msg->msg_namelen < sizeof(*usin))
			return -EINVAL;
		if (usin->sin_family != AF_INET) {
			if (usin->sin_family != AF_UNSPEC)
				return -EAFNOSUPPORT;
		}

		daddr = usin->sin_addr.s_addr;
		dport = usin->sin_port;
		if (dport == 0)
			return -EINVAL;
	} else {
		if (sk->sk_state != TCP_ESTABLISHED)
			return -EDESTADDRREQ;
		daddr = inet->inet_daddr;
		dport = inet->inet_dport;
		/* Open fast path for connected socket.
		   Route will not be used, if at least one option is set.
		 */
		connected = 1;
	}
	ipc.addr = inet->inet_saddr;

	ipc.oif = sk->sk_bound_dev_if;

	sock_tx_timestamp(sk, &ipc.tx_flags);

	if (msg->msg_controllen) {
		err = ip_cmsg_send(sock_net(sk), msg, &ipc,
				   sk->sk_family == AF_INET6);
		if (err)
			return err;
		if (ipc.opt)
			free = 1;
		connected = 0;
	}
	if (!ipc.opt) {
		struct ip_options_rcu *inet_opt;

		rcu_read_lock();
		inet_opt = rcu_dereference(inet->inet_opt);
		if (inet_opt) {
			memcpy(&opt_copy, inet_opt,
			       sizeof(*inet_opt) + inet_opt->opt.optlen);
			ipc.opt = &opt_copy.opt;
		}
		rcu_read_unlock();
	}

	saddr = ipc.addr;
	ipc.addr = faddr = daddr;

	if (ipc.opt && ipc.opt->opt.srr) {
		if (!daddr)
			return -EINVAL;
		faddr = ipc.opt->opt.faddr;
		connected = 0;
	}
	tos = get_rttos(&ipc, inet);
	if (sock_flag(sk, SOCK_LOCALROUTE) ||
	    (msg->msg_flags & MSG_DONTROUTE) ||
	    (ipc.opt && ipc.opt->opt.is_strictroute)) {
		tos |= RTO_ONLINK;
		connected = 0;
	}

	if (ipv4_is_multicast(daddr)) {
		if (!ipc.oif)
			ipc.oif = inet->mc_index;
		if (!saddr)
			saddr = inet->mc_addr;
		connected = 0;
	} else if (!ipc.oif)
		ipc.oif = inet->uc_index;

	if (connected)
		rt = (struct rtable *)sk_dst_check(sk, 0);

	if (rt == NULL) {
		struct net *net = sock_net(sk);

		fl4 = &fl4_stack;
		flowi4_init_output(fl4, ipc.oif, sk->sk_mark, tos,
				   RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE, sk->sk_protocol,
				   inet_sk_flowi_flags(sk),
				   faddr, saddr, dport, inet->inet_sport);

		security_sk_classify_flow(sk, flowi4_to_flowi(fl4));
		rt = ip_route_output_flow(net, fl4, sk);
		if (IS_ERR(rt)) {
			err = PTR_ERR(rt);
			rt = NULL;
			if (err == -ENETUNREACH)
				IP_INC_STATS(net, IPSTATS_MIB_OUTNOROUTES);
			goto out;
		}

		err = -EACCES;
		if ((rt->rt_flags & RTCF_BROADCAST) &&
		    !sock_flag(sk, SOCK_BROADCAST))
			goto out;
		if (connected)
			sk_dst_set(sk, dst_clone(&rt->dst));
	}

	if (msg->msg_flags&MSG_CONFIRM)
		goto do_confirm;
back_from_confirm:

	saddr = fl4->saddr;
	if (!ipc.addr)
		daddr = ipc.addr = fl4->daddr;

	/* Lockless fast path for the non-corking case. */
	if (!corkreq) {
		skb = ip_make_skb(sk, fl4, getfrag, msg->msg_iov, ulen,
				  sizeof(struct udphdr), &ipc, &rt,
				  msg->msg_flags);
		err = PTR_ERR(skb);
		if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(skb))
			err = udp_send_skb(skb, fl4);
		goto out;
	}

	lock_sock(sk);
	if (unlikely(up->pending)) {
		/* The socket is already corked while preparing it. */
		/* ... which is an evident application bug. --ANK */
		release_sock(sk);

		LIMIT_NETDEBUG(KERN_DEBUG pr_fmt("cork app bug 2\n"));
		err = -EINVAL;
		goto out;
	}
	/*
	 *	Now cork the socket to pend data.
	 */
	fl4 = &inet->cork.fl.u.ip4;
	fl4->daddr = daddr;
	fl4->saddr = saddr;
	fl4->fl4_dport = dport;
	fl4->fl4_sport = inet->inet_sport;
	up->pending = AF_INET;

do_append_data:
	up->len += ulen;
	err = ip_append_data(sk, fl4, getfrag, msg->msg_iov, ulen,
			     sizeof(struct udphdr), &ipc, &rt,
			     corkreq ? msg->msg_flags|MSG_MORE : msg->msg_flags);
	if (err)
		udp_flush_pending_frames(sk);
	else if (!corkreq)
		err = udp_push_pending_frames(sk);
	else if (unlikely(skb_queue_empty(&sk->sk_write_queue)))
		up->pending = 0;
	release_sock(sk);

out:
	ip_rt_put(rt);
	if (free)
		kfree(ipc.opt);
	if (!err)
		return len;
	/*
	 * ENOBUFS = no kernel mem, SOCK_NOSPACE = no sndbuf space.  Reporting
	 * ENOBUFS might not be good (it's not tunable per se), but otherwise
	 * we don't have a good statistic (IpOutDiscards but it can be too many
	 * things).  We could add another new stat but at least for now that
	 * seems like overkill.
	 */
	if (err == -ENOBUFS || test_bit(SOCK_NOSPACE, &sk->sk_socket->flags)) {
		UDP_INC_STATS_USER(sock_net(sk),
				UDP_MIB_SNDBUFERRORS, is_udplite);
	}
	return err;

do_confirm:
	dst_confirm(&rt->dst);
	if (!(msg->msg_flags&MSG_PROBE) || len)
		goto back_from_confirm;
	err = 0;
	goto out;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(udp_sendmsg);

int udp_push_pending_frames(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct udp_sock  *up = udp_sk(sk);
	struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk);
	struct flowi4 *fl4 = &inet->cork.fl.u.ip4;
	struct sk_buff *skb;
	int err = 0;

	skb = ip_finish_skb(sk, fl4);
	if (!skb)
		goto out;

	err = udp_send_skb(skb, fl4);

out:
	up->len = 0;
	up->pending = 0;
	return err;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(udp_push_pending_frames);

static int udp_send_skb(struct sk_buff *skb, struct flowi4 *fl4)
{
	struct sock *sk = skb->sk;
	struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk);
	struct udphdr *uh;
	int err = 0;
	int is_udplite = IS_UDPLITE(sk);
	int offset = skb_transport_offset(skb);
	int len = skb->len - offset;
	__wsum csum = 0;

	/*
	 * Create a UDP header
	 */
	uh = udp_hdr(skb);
	uh->source = inet->inet_sport;
	uh->dest = fl4->fl4_dport;
	uh->len = htons(len);
	uh->check = 0;

	if (is_udplite)  				 /*     UDP-Lite      */
		csum = udplite_csum(skb);

	else if (sk->sk_no_check_tx) {   /* UDP csum disabled */

		skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_NONE;
		goto send;

	} else if (skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_PARTIAL) { /* UDP hardware csum */

		udp4_hwcsum(skb, fl4->saddr, fl4->daddr);
		goto send;

	} else
		csum = udp_csum(skb);

	/* add protocol-dependent pseudo-header */
	uh->check = csum_tcpudp_magic(fl4->saddr, fl4->daddr, len,
				      sk->sk_protocol, csum);
	if (uh->check == 0)
		uh->check = CSUM_MANGLED_0;

send:
	err = ip_send_skb(sock_net(sk), skb);
	if (err) {
		if (err == -ENOBUFS && !inet->recverr) {
			UDP_INC_STATS_USER(sock_net(sk),
					   UDP_MIB_SNDBUFERRORS, is_udplite);
			err = 0;
		}
	} else
		UDP_INC_STATS_USER(sock_net(sk),
				   UDP_MIB_OUTDATAGRAMS, is_udplite);
	return err;
}

这里主要分为两个过程：
一个是，如果设置了corkreq标志，要经过 ip_append_data进行处理后，然后经过udp_push_pending_frames进行发送。
另一个是：如果没有设置corkreq标志，则直接发送。
具体函数：

ip_make_skb函数：从缓存队列读取数据，并且填写IP协议头
udp_send_skb函数：添加udp报头
ip_append_data：比较复杂，参见[博客]
udp_push_pending_frames：填充第四层报头，计算校验和，发送取下skb

UDP接收报文过程
这里在udp_recvmsg处打断点，单步调试，下面主要分析udp_recvmsg函数

udp_recvmsg 源码

int udp_recvmsg(struct kiocb *iocb, struct sock *sk, struct msghdr *msg,
		size_t len, int noblock, int flags, int *addr_len)
{
	struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk);
	DECLARE_SOCKADDR(struct sockaddr_in *, sin, msg->msg_name);
	struct sk_buff *skb;
	unsigned int ulen, copied;
	int peeked, off = 0;
	int err;
	int is_udplite = IS_UDPLITE(sk);
	bool slow;

	if (flags & MSG_ERRQUEUE)
		return ip_recv_error(sk, msg, len, addr_len);

try_again:
	skb = __skb_recv_datagram(sk, flags | (noblock ? MSG_DONTWAIT : 0),
				  &peeked, &off, &err);
	if (!skb)
		goto out;

	ulen = skb->len - sizeof(struct udphdr);
	copied = len;
	if (copied > ulen)
		copied = ulen;
	else if (copied < ulen)
		msg->msg_flags |= MSG_TRUNC;

	/*
	 * If checksum is needed at all, try to do it while copying the
	 * data.  If the data is truncated, or if we only want a partial
	 * coverage checksum (UDP-Lite), do it before the copy.
	 */

	if (copied < ulen || UDP_SKB_CB(skb)->partial_cov) {
		if (udp_lib_checksum_complete(skb))
			goto csum_copy_err;
	}

	if (skb_csum_unnecessary(skb))
		err = skb_copy_datagram_iovec(skb, sizeof(struct udphdr),
					      msg->msg_iov, copied);
	else {
		err = skb_copy_and_csum_datagram_iovec(skb,
						       sizeof(struct udphdr),
						       msg->msg_iov);

		if (err == -EINVAL)
			goto csum_copy_err;
	}

	if (unlikely(err)) {
		trace_kfree_skb(skb, udp_recvmsg);
		if (!peeked) {
			atomic_inc(&sk->sk_drops);
			UDP_INC_STATS_USER(sock_net(sk),
					   UDP_MIB_INERRORS, is_udplite);
		}
		goto out_free;
	}

	if (!peeked)
		UDP_INC_STATS_USER(sock_net(sk),
				UDP_MIB_INDATAGRAMS, is_udplite);

	sock_recv_ts_and_drops(msg, sk, skb);

	/* Copy the address. */
	if (sin) {
		sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
		sin->sin_port = udp_hdr(skb)->source;
		sin->sin_addr.s_addr = ip_hdr(skb)->saddr;
		memset(sin->sin_zero, 0, sizeof(sin->sin_zero));
		*addr_len = sizeof(*sin);
	}
	if (inet->cmsg_flags)
		ip_cmsg_recv(msg, skb);

	err = copied;
	if (flags & MSG_TRUNC)
		err = ulen;

out_free:
	skb_free_datagram_locked(sk, skb);
out:
	return err;

csum_copy_err:
	slow = lock_sock_fast(sk);
	if (!skb_kill_datagram(sk, skb, flags)) {
		UDP_INC_STATS_USER(sock_net(sk), UDP_MIB_CSUMERRORS, is_udplite);
		UDP_INC_STATS_USER(sock_net(sk), UDP_MIB_INERRORS, is_udplite);
	}
	unlock_sock_fast(sk, slow);

	if (noblock)
		return -EAGAIN;

	/* starting over for a new packet */
	msg->msg_flags &= ~MSG_TRUNC;
	goto try_again;
}

上面在数据处理方面，调用了三个数据报文处理函数（net\inet\Datagram.c）：skb_recv_datagram()、skb_copy_datagram()、skb_free_datagram()
这里分别贴出这三个函数的源码：

在这里插入代码片

UDP接收数据的过程

1. 网络层将数据包递交给UDP，UDP接收数据包并对其进行校验，校验成功后放入接收队列中等待用户进程的读取；

2. 用户进程使用系统调用来读取已经在接收队列中的数据。

《Linux内核源码剖析-TCP/IP实现》一书中的接受图

在这里插入图片描述
断点设置：

__udp4_lib_rcv
udp_queue_rcv_skb
sock_queue_rcv_skb

补充：常用的GDB调试命令

gcc -g  main.c                      //在目标文件加入源代码的信息
gdb a.out       

(gdb) start                         //开始调试
(gdb) n                             //一条一条执行
(gdb) step/s                        //执行下一条，如果函数进入函数
(gdb) backtrace/bt                  //查看函数调用栈帧
(gdb) info/i locals                 //查看当前栈帧局部变量
(gdb) frame/f                       //选择栈帧，再查看局部变量
(gdb) print/p                       //打印变量的值
(gdb) finish                        //运行到当前函数返回
(gdb) set var sum=0                 //修改变量值
(gdb) list/l 行号或函数名             //列出源码
(gdb) display/undisplay sum         //每次停下显示变量的值/取消跟踪
(gdb) break/b  行号或函数名           //设置断点
(gdb) continue/c                    //连续运行
(gdb) info/i breakpoints            //查看已经设置的断点
(gdb) delete breakpoints 2          //删除某个断点
(gdb) disable/enable breakpoints 3  //禁用/启用某个断点
(gdb) break 9 if sum != 0           //满足条件才激活断点
(gdb) run/r                         //重新从程序开头连续执行
(gdb) watch input[4]                //设置观察点
(gdb) info/i watchpoints            //查看设置的观察点
(gdb) x/7b input                    //打印存储器内容，b--每个字节一组，7--7组
(gdb) disassemble                   //反汇编当前函数或指定函数
(gdb) si                            // 一条指令一条指令调试 而 s 是一行一行代码
(gdb) info registers                // 显示所有寄存器的当前值
(gdb) x/20 $esp                    //查看内存中开始的20个数

SuperNinja2016

关注

0
点赞
踩
0

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
编写UDP客户端和服务端集成到MenuOS里并跟踪分析UDP协议中数据包的收发处理过程

编写UDP客户端和服务端集成到MenuOS里并跟踪分析UDP协议中数据包的收发处理过程实验要求：写一个UDP客户端和服务端单独执行，互相发送数据把UDP客户端和服务端集成到MenuOS里UDP sendto发送数据的过程接收数据并解析放入队列UDP recvfrom接收数据的过程，应该是从接收队列里取出数据使用GDB调试，跟踪UDP收发数据的几个关键位置编写UDP客户端和服务端...
复制链接

扫一扫