一、使用方法。
Looper用来处理消息循环,在创建过程中会初始化MessageQueue。
Handler在其它线程发消息给当前线程
MessageQueue用来存放消息
Looper对象在哪个线程创建,Handler的handleMessage方法就在哪个线程执行
在创建activity时,android系统本身会为activity创建Looper。
final Handler mainHandler = new Handler(getMainLooper())
{
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
{
String content = "当前线程:" + "msg:" + msg.what;
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, content, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
mainHandler.sendEmptyMessage(0x1);
在其它线程中使用
handler
消息传递时,必须自己创建
looper
。下面的例子中
HandlerThread
封装了
Looper
和
MessageQueue
,还实现了获取
Looper
的同步机制,比较好用。
HandlerThread mThread = new HandlerThread("MyThread");
mThread.start();
Handler mHandle = new Handler(mThread.getLooper())
{
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
{
String content = "当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "msg:" + msg.what;
System.out.println(content);
}
};
mHandle.sendEmptyMessage(0x2);
二、Looper解析
构造函数:
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mRun = true;
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
在prepare中创建了Looper实例,并在Looper的构造函数中创建了MessageQueue
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
msg.recycle();
}
}
在loop()中,Looper不断的通过queue.next()从MessageQueue取消息,然后调用语句msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg) 来执行。这里target为msg消息的发送者Handler,在分析Handler时再来分析,dispatchMessage在一般情况下会调用Handler类的handleMessage来处理消息,也就是上面例子中我们重载的这个handleMessage。
三、Handler解析
Handler的构造函数有很多,这里选带Looper参数的构造函数public Handler(Looper looper) {
this(looper, null, false);
}
public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) {
mLooper = looper;
mQueue = looper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
再看sendMessage。
public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what)
{
return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);
}
public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) {
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = what;
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis);
}
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
{
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
sendEmptyMessage将message加到了Looper的MessageQueue中,之后Looper在loop()中调用queue.next()
在enqueueMessage里面,我们看到了msg.target = thispublic void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
如果没有设置Callback的话,就会运行handleMessage了。
四、HandlerThread解析
HandlerThread继承于Thread,对Looper的操作进行了封装,做了同步处理。public void run() {
mTid = Process.myTid();
Looper.prepare();
synchronized (this) {
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
notifyAll();
}
Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
onLooperPrepared();
Looper.loop();
mTid = -1;
}
public Looper getLooper() {
if (!isAlive()) {
return null;
}
// If the thread has been started, wait until the looper has been created.
synchronized (this) {
while (isAlive() && mLooper == null) {
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
}
}
}
return mLooper;
}