DataPersistence 文件管理

//沙盒机制:iOS系统会为每个app分配一个文件夹(sandbox),这个文件夹只允许当前应用访问
    /*
    //沙盒主目录
    NSLog(@"%@", NSHomeDirectory());
    
    
    //Documents,存一些比较重要的资料(文档),同步时会同步化此文件夹,此文件夹不能存过大的数据
    [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/Documents", NSHomeDirectory()];//访问方式一
    //访问方式二:
    //搜索文件夹,并返回路径
        //参数1:搜索的文件夹名字
        //参数2.搜索的区域
        //参数3.返回文件夹的路径是相对路径(NO,也就是有个波浪线在前面),还是绝对路径(YES,完整的路径)
    NSArray *array = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *docPath = [array firstObject];
    NSLog(@"Documents-------------%@", docPath);
    //Library,
    NSArray *libraryArray = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *lbString = [libraryArray firstObject];
    NSLog(@"Library--------------------%@", lbString);
    
        //Caches,缓存文件夹
        NSArray *cachesArray = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
        NSString *cachesString = [cachesArray firstObject];
        NSLog(@"Caches------------------%@", cachesString);
        //Preferences,配置文件夹,plist
        //找不到
    
    //tmp,临时文件夹,存放临时文件(比如:zip压缩包)
    NSString *tmp =  NSTemporaryDirectory();
    NSLog(@"tmp--------%@", tmp);
    
    //包,存放Xcode工程里的资源,包内资源是只读的
    NSLog(@"%@", [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath]);
    
    
    //数据持久化的方式
    //1.文件读写,简单的数据存储
    //2.归档,复杂的数据存储
    //3.NSUserDefaults,少量数据存储
    //4.数据库,大量数据存储
    //5.CoreData
    
    //文件读写
    //支持类型: NSString, NSArray, NSDictionary, NSData
    */
    
    //NSString
    //读内容:initWithContentsOfFile:encoding:error:
    //写内容:writeToFile:atomically:encoding:error:
    
    //NSArray
    //读内容:initWithContentsOfFile:
    //写内容:writeToFile:atomically:
    
    //NSDictionary
    //读内容:initWithContentsOfFile:
    //写内容:writeToFile:atomically:
    
    //NSData
    //读内容:initWithContentsOfFile:
    //写内容:writeToFile:atomically:
    
    
    
    
    //内容展示
    NSString *docPath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) firstObject];//docment的路径
    NSString *filePath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/1.txt", docPath];//拼接一个路径
//    NSLog(@"%@", filePath);
    NSError *error = nil;
    NSString *content = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"读文件失败:%@", error);
    }else {
        NSLog(@"读取成功");
        self.label.text = content;
    }
    
    //NSArray写入
    NSArray *array = @[@"爱妃", @"王妃", @"嫔妃"];
    NSString *tempPath = NSTemporaryDirectory();
    NSString *filePath1 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@2.plist", tempPath];
//    NSLog(@"%@", filePath1);
    BOOL result = [array writeToFile:filePath1 atomically:YES];
    if (result) {
        NSLog(@"写入成功");
    }else {
        NSLog(@"写入失败");
    }
    
    //NSArray读写
    NSArray *contentArray = [[NSArray alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath1];
    NSLog(@"%@", contentArray);
    
    
    //NSDictionary的读写
    //写到Caches文件下的3.plist中
    //并从中读取内容
    NSDictionary *dic = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"name", @"yangchao", @"age", @"21", nil];
    NSArray *cachesArray = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *cachesString = [cachesArray firstObject];
    NSString *filePath2 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@3.plist", cachesString];
    BOOL result1 = [dic writeToFile:filePath2 atomically:YES];
    if (result1) {
        NSLog(@"写入成功");
    }else {
        NSLog(@"写入失败");
    }
    
    //NSDictionary的读取
    NSDictionary *dic1 = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath2];
    NSLog(@"%@",dic1);
    
    
    //NSData
    NSData *data = [@"fuckyou" dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    //把data数据写入Library文件下的4.txt
    NSArray *libraryArray = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *lbString = [libraryArray firstObject];
    NSString *filePath3 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@4.txt", lbString];
    BOOL result2 = [data writeToFile:filePath3 atomically:YES];
    if (result2) {
        NSLog(@"写入成功");
    }else {
        NSLog(@"写入失败");
    }
    //从文件中读取内容
    NSData *data1 = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath3];
    NSLog(@"%@", data1);
    
    
    //归档,用于对自定义类型(比如Girl)的数据进行数据持久化
    //实质,把自定义类(Girl)转化成NSData类型,在对NSData数据进行存储
    //前提,支持归档的类,必须遵守NSCoding协议
    
    Girl *girl = [[Girl alloc] init];
    girl.name = @"爱妃";
    girl.gender = @"女";
    girl.age = @"18";
    
    //girl->NSData
    //NSKeyedArchiver,继承于NSCoder,工具类,把数据转化NSData类型
    NSMutableData *mData =[[NSMutableData alloc] initWithCapacity:0];
    NSKeyedArchiver *archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:mData];
    //把girl对象压入Data中,需要指定其key值,方便从中提取
    [archiver encodeObject:girl forKey:@"GF"];
    //停止
    [archiver finishEncoding];
     NSLog(@"%@",mData);
    NSString *filePath4 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@girl.plist", tempPath];
    NSLog(@"%@", filePath4);
    result = [mData writeToFile:filePath4 atomically:YES];
    if (result) {
        NSLog(@"归档成功");
    }else {
        NSLog(@"归档失败");
    }
    
    //反归档
    NSData *data10 = [[[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath4] autorelease];
    //解压工具
    NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:data10];
    
    Girl *girl1 = [unarchiver decodeObjectForKey:@"GF"];
    [unarchiver finishDecoding];
    [unarchiver release];
    NSLog(@"%@", girl1);
    
    //NSUserDefaults,继承于NSObject,系统提供的轻量级数据持久化类,绑定了一个plist文件
    NSUserDefaults *defaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
    //存数据
    [defaults setBool:YES forKey:@"isGirl"];
    [defaults setInteger:1314 forKey:@"time"];
    [defaults setFloat:59.99 forKey:@"score"];
    [defaults setObject:@"张三" forKey:@"name"];
    //立刻存入
    [defaults synchronize];//同步存入
    
    //取数据
    BOOL isGirl = [defaults boolForKey:@"isGirl"];
    NSLog(@"%d", isGirl);
    NSInteger time = [defaults integerForKey:@"time"];
    NSLog(@"%ld", time);
    float score = [defaults floatForKey:@"score"];
    NSLog(@"%.2f", score);
    NSString *name = [defaults objectForKey:@"name"];
    NSLog(@"%@", name);
    
    //如何识别你的应用是第一次打开
    if (![defaults boolForKey:@"isFirst"]) {
        NSLog(@"第一次");
        [defaults setBool:YES forKey:@"isFirst"];
    }else {
        NSLog(@"不是第一次");
        
    }
    
    //NSFileManager,继承于NSObject,文件管理类
    NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    
    //搜索文件并返回路径,路径都是绝度路径
    NSArray *paths = [fm URLsForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomains:NSUserDomainMask];
    NSLog(@"%@", paths);
    
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}

- (void)dealloc {
    [_label release];
    [_textField release];
    [super dealloc];
}
- (IBAction)press:(UIButton *)sender {
    
    //保存数据(向文件内写数据)
    //把内容写到docment文件夹的某个文件中
    NSString *docPath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) firstObject];//docment的路径
    NSString *filePath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/1.txt", docPath];//拼接一个路径
//    NSLog(@"%@", filePath);
    NSError *error = nil;
    BOOL result = [self.textField.text writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
    if (result) {
        NSLog(@"写入成功");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"写入失败:%@", error);
    }
    
    self.label.text = self.textField.text;
    
}

//创建文件夹
- (IBAction)creat:(UIButton *)sender {
    //1.创建文件夹管理类
    NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    //文件夹路径
    NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/heigege", NSHomeDirectory()];
    NSLog(@"%@", string);
    //2.创建文件夹
    NSError *error = nil;
    BOOL result = [fm createDirectoryAtPath:string withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:&error];
    //判断是否成功
    if (result) {
        NSLog(@"创建成功");
    }else {
        NSLog(@"创建失败");
    }
}
//移动
- (IBAction)move:(UIButton *)sender {
    NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSString *sourcePath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/heigege", NSHomeDirectory()];
    NSString *destinationPath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/heigege", NSTemporaryDirectory()];
//    NSLog(@"%@", destinationPath);
    NSError *error = nil;
    BOOL result = [fm moveItemAtPath:sourcePath toPath:destinationPath error:&error];
    if (result) {
        NSLog(@"移动成功");
    }else {
        NSLog(@"移动失败");
    }
    
    
}
//复制
- (IBAction)copy:(UIButton *)sender {
    NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSString *sourcePath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/heigege", NSHomeDirectory()];
    NSArray *libraryArray = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    NSString *lbString = [libraryArray firstObject];
    NSString *libraryPath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/heigege", lbString];
    NSError *error = nil;
    BOOL result = [fm copyItemAtPath:sourcePath toPath:libraryPath error:&error];
    if (result) {
        NSLog(@"复制成功");
    }else {
        NSLog(@"复制失败:%@", error);
    }
}

//删除
- (IBAction)delete:(UIButton *)sender {
    NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
    NSString *destinationPath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/heigege", NSTemporaryDirectory()];
//    NSLog(@"%@", destinationPath);
    NSError *error = nil;
    BOOL result = [fm removeItemAtPath:destinationPath error:&error];
    if (result) {
        NSLog(@"删除成功");
    }else {
        NSLog(@"删除失败:%@", error);
    }
    
    
}

在这里我们需要创建一个girl类,具体内容如下

@implementation Girl

- (void)dealloc
{
    self.name = nil;
    self.age = nil;
    self.gender = nil;
    [super dealloc];
}


- (NSString *)description {
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@ age:%@ gender:%@", _name, _age, _gender];
}

#pragma mark - NSCoding
//编码(写入)
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder {
    //编码的key值必须和解码时的key值保持一致
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"name"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.age forKey:@"age"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.gender forKey:@"gender"];
}
//解码(读取)
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder {
    if (self = [super init]) {
        self.name = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
        self.age = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"age"];
        self.gender = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"gender"];
    }
    return self;
}

@end