linux主机motd和命令审计

一、主机权限设置和命令审计

sudo vi /etc/motd			#链接登陆时提示
******************************************************************
*          注意: 这是一台重要的生产服务器，请谨慎操作！！        *
*               如需要重启/关闭服务器，请先将NFS卸载             *
*     	                                                         *
******************************************************************
    		

二、简单的检测脚本，随登陆时提示

sudo mkdir -p /usr/src/scripts/
sudo vi /usr/src/scripts/system_info.sh

#!/bin/sh
[ -r /etc/lsb-release ] && . /etc/lsb-release

if [ -z "$DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION" ] && [ -x /usr/bin/lsb_release ]; then
	# Fall back to using the very slow lsb_release utility
	DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION=$(lsb_release -s -d)
fi

##########################################################
date=`date "+%F %T"`
head="System information as of: $date"
kernel=`uname -r`
hostname=`echo $HOSTNAME`
#Cpu load
load1=`cat /proc/loadavg | awk '{print $1}'`
load5=`cat /proc/loadavg | awk '{print $2}'`
load15=`cat /proc/loadavg | awk '{print $3}'`
 
#System uptime
uptime=`cat /proc/uptime | cut -f1 -d.`
upDays=$((uptime/60/60/24))
upHours=$((uptime/60/60%24))
upMins=$((uptime/60%60))
upSecs=$((uptime%60))
up_lastime=`date -d "$(awk -F. '{print $1}' /proc/uptime) second ago" +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`

#Memory Usage
mem_usage=`free -m | awk '/Mem:/{total=$2} /buffers\/cache/ {used=$3} END {printf("%3.2f%%",used/total*100)}'`
swap_usage=`free -m | awk '/Swap/{printf "%.2f%",$3/1*100}'`

#Processes
processes=`ps aux | wc -l`
 
#User
users=`users | wc -w`
USER=`whoami`
 
#System fs usage
Filesystem=$(df -h | awk '/^\/dev/{print $6}')

#Interfaces
INTERFACES=$(ip -4 ad | grep 'state ' | awk -F":" '!/^[0-9]*: ?lo/ {print $2}')

echo
echo "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++"
echo "$head"
printf "Welcome to %s (%s %s %s)\n" "$DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION" "$(uname -o)" "$(uname -r)" "$(uname -m)"
echo "------------------------------------------------------------------"
printf "Kernel Version:\t%s\n" $kernel
printf "HostName:\t%s\n" $hostname
printf "System Load:\t%s %s %s\n" $load1, $load5, $load15
printf "System Uptime:\t%s "days" %s "hours" %s "min" %s "sec"\n" $upDays $upHours $upMins $upSecs
printf "Memory Usage:\t%s\t\t\tSwap Usage:\t%s\n" $mem_usage $swap_usage
printf "Login Users:\t%s\t\t\tWhoami:\t\t%s\n" $users $USER
printf "Processes:\t%s\n" $processes
printf "\n"
printf "Filesystem\tUsage\n"

for f in $Filesystem
do
    Usage=$(df -h | awk '{if($NF=="'''$f'''") print $5}')
    echo -e "$f\t\t$Usage"
done

echo "------------------------------------------------------------------"

printf "\n"
printf " * Helpers:  Operation and maintenance team\n"
printf " * E-mail:   wcx1279971605@163.com\n"
printf " * CentOS:   https://wiki.centos.org/\n"
printf "\n"

修改本用户的.bashrc文件
bash /usr/src/scripts/system_info.sh

三、修改文件配置命令审计

mkdir -p /var/log/usermonitor/
echo usermonitor >/var/log/usermonitor/usermonitor.log
chown nobody:nobody /var/log/usermonitor/usermonitor.log

chmod 002 /var/log/usermonitor/usermonitor.log
chattr +a /var/log/usermonitor/usermonitor.log
export HISTORY_FILE=/var/log/usermonitor/usermonitor.log

export PROMPT_COMMAND='{ date "+%y-%m-%d %T ##### $(who am i |awk "{print \$1\" \"\$2\" \"\$5}")  #### $(whoami)  #### $(history 1 | { read x cmd; echo "$cmd"; })"; } >>$HISTORY_FILE'
source  /etc/profile

查看执行过的命令，或者做成邮件定时发送
cat /var/log/usermonitor/usermonitor.log

四、sudo权限和sshd文件修改

配置用户专属sudo权限文件
sudo vi /etc/sudoers.d/cmchain
cmchain ALL=(ALL:ALL)  NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/, !/usr/bin/passwd, /bin/,  !/bin/kill , !/usr/bin/su

创建运维用户，禁止root用户登录和修改ssh端口22 =》22221
sudo useradd maintain
usermod -a -G root maintain
sudo usermod -a -G root maintain
id root
cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config 

修改sshd_config
sudo cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config 

#	$OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.100 2016/08/15 12:32:04 naddy Exp $

# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file.  See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.

# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin

# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented.  Uncommented options override the
# default value.

# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell
# SELinux about this change.
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
#
Port 22221						#端口
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::

HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key

# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none

# Logging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
#LogLevel INFO

# Authentication:

#LoginGraceTime 2m
PermitRootLogin no				#禁止root登录，需要提前修改好运维用户权限
StrictModes yes
MaxAuthTries 3					#每一次ssh连接允许输错三次密码
MaxSessions 5					#允许打开的最大会话数

#PubkeyAuthentication yes

# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
AuthorizedKeysFile	.ssh/authorized_keys

#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none

#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody

# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes

# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication yes

# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no

# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes

# GSSAPI options
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials no
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#GSSAPIEnablek5users no

# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication.  Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
# WARNING: 'UsePAM no' is not supported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and may cause several
# problems.
UsePAM yes

#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
PrintMotd yes						#开启motd
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
UseLogin no
#UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#ShowPatchLevel no
UseDNS no
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none

# no default banner path
#Banner none

# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS

# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem	sftp	/usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
#	X11Forwarding no
#	AllowTcpForwarding no
#	PermitTTY no
#	ForceCommand cvs server

效果
motd

命令记录