网络编程

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-08 11:09:43 发布

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文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Syx80236/article/details/115334851

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网络编程

1.1 概述

计算机网络：计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的独有独立功能的多台计算机及外部设备，通过通信线路连接起来，在网络操作系统，网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下，实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统

网络编程的目的：无线电台…传播信息交流，数据减缓。通信

想要达到的效果需要什么：

1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机，192.168.16.124 ：端口，定位到这个计算机上的某个资源。

2.找到了这个主机，如何传输数据？

javaweb ：网页编程 B/S

网络编程： TCP/IP C/S

1.2 网络通信的要素

如何实现网络的通信？

通信双方的地址：

端口号

192.168.16.124:5900

规则：网络通信的协议

1.3 IP

ip地址： IntAddness

package com.kuang.lesson01;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * 测试Ip
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 10:17
 *
 */
public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress3);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress4);
            //查询百度地址
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);

            //常用方法
            //System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名，，或者网络编程
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

1.4端口

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程。

package com.kuang.lesson01;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 10:40
 */
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080);
        InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080);
        System.out.println(socketAddress1);
        System.out.println(socketAddress2);
        
        System.out.println("********************");
        
        System.out.println(socketAddress1.getAddress());
        System.out.println(socketAddress1.getHostName());//地址
        System.out.println(socketAddress1.getPort());//端口

    }
}

1.5 通信协议

协议：约定

网络通信协议：速率，传输码率，代码结构，传输控制…

TCP/IP 协议簇

TCP ：用户传输协议
UDP：用户数据报协议

出名的协议：

TCP
IP：网络互联协议

1.6 TCP

客户端

1.连接服务器Socket

2.发送消息

package com.kuang.lesson02;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;


/**
 * 客户端
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 11:23
 */

public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;

        try {
            //1.要知道服务器的地址 端口号
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //2.创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
            //3.发送消息 IO 流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("哈喽，欢迎进入课堂".getBytes());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (os != null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null){
            try {
                socket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
              }
            }
        }

    }
}

服务端

1，建立服务的端口ServerSocket

2，等待用户的链接 accept

3，接受用的消息

package com.kuang.lesson02;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 服务端
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 11:23
 */
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;

        try {
            //1，我得有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //2.等待用户连接过来
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            //3.读取客户端的消息
            is = socket.getInputStream();

            //管道流
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                baos.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (baos != null){
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (serverSocket != null){
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

文件上传

package com.kuang.lesson02;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 12:58
 */
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //1.创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2.监听客户端得连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞时监听，会一直等待客户端
        //3.获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //4.文件传输
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("recive.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        //通知客户端我接受完毕了
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("我接受完毕,可以断开了".getBytes());

        //5.关闭资源
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();

    }
}

package com.kuang.lesson02;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 12:49
 */
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //1.创建一个Socket 连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
        //2.创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3.读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("shiyuxi.jpg"));
        //4.写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        //通知服务器，我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();
        //确定服务器接收完毕，才能断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        //String byte[]
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2014];
        int len2;
        while((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
            baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);

        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());

        //5。关闭资源
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();

    }
}

Tomcat

服务端

自定义S
Tomcat服务器S： java 后台开发

客户端

自定义C
浏览器B

1.7 UDP

发短信：不用连接，需要知道对方的地址

发送端发送消息

package com.kuang.lesson03;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
         //1.建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //2.建个包
        String msg = "Hello,服务器";
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        // 数据，数据长度起始，要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket pakcet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
        //3.发送包
        socket.send(pakcet);
        //4.关闭流
        socket.close();

    }
}

接收端：接收消息

package com.kuang.lesson03;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;


//还是要等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

        socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接收

        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));


        //关闭连接
        socket.close();


    }
}

chat

package com.kuang.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;


/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 16:02
 */
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

        while(true) {

            //准备数据 ：控制台读取system.in
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));

            socket.send(packet);
            if (data.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package com.kuang.chat;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;


/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 16:08
 */
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
        while(true) {

            //准备接收包裹
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);

            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

            //断开连接 bye
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
            System.out.println(receiveData);

            if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
                break;
            }

        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

多线程聊天

package com.kuang.chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 16:25
 */
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;

    private int fromPort;
    private String toIp;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIp, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIp = toIp;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run(){

        while(true) {
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp, this.toPort));

                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }

}

package com.kuang.chat;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;


/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 16:47
 */
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;
    public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {


        while(true) {

            try {
                //准备接收包裹
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);

                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹

                //断开连接 bye
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
                System.out.println(msgFrom + " ；" + receiveData);

                if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
                    break;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

package com.kuang.chat;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 16:56
 */
public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();

    }
}

package com.kuang.chat;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 16:56
 */
public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();

    }
}

1.8 URL

http://www.baidu.com

统一资源定位符：定位资源的，定位互联网上得某一个资源

DNS 域名分析

1.协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源

package com.kuang.lesson04;

import java.net.URL;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 17:12
 */
public class URLDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        URL url = new URL("https://y.qq.com/?ADTAG=myqq#type=index");
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost());//ip
        System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
        System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
        System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数


    }
}

package com.kuang.lesson04;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-03-30 17:29
 */
public class URLDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        //1.下载地址
        URL url = new URL("https://m801.music.126.net/20210330180755/8517bc946ad3467ef34aec4d0fe78710/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/7937683494/31e2/2771/3eef/e1a6f0f79db893a61118d620b204384f.m4a");
        //2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();

        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("haha.f4a");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
    }
}

s) throws Exception{
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL(“https://m801.music.126.net/20210330180755/8517bc946ad3467ef34aec4d0fe78710/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/7937683494/31e2/2771/3eef/e1a6f0f79db893a61118d620b204384f.m4a”);
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();

    FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("haha.f4a");
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int len;
    while((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1){
        fos.write(buffer,0,len);
    }
    fos.close();
    inputStream.close();
    urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}

}

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网络编程

网络编程1.1 概述计算机网络：计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的独有独立功能的多台计算机及外部设备，通过通信线路连接起来，在网络操作系统，网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下，实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统网络编程的目的：无线电台…传播信息交流，数据减缓。通信想要达到的效果需要什么： 1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机，192.168.16.124 ：端口，定位到这个计算机上的某个资源。 2.找到了这个主机，如何传输数据？javaweb ：网页编程 B/S
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