注解和反射

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-08 21:30:52 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-08 21:30:52 发布

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文章标签：反射 java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Syx80236/article/details/115384478

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注解与反射

注解

package com.kuang.annotation;

import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * 什么是注解
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 15:21
 */

public class Test01 extends Object{
    //重写
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return super.toString();
    }
    //不推荐使用
    @Deprecated
    public static void test(){
        System.out.println("Deprecated");
    }
    @SuppressWarnings("all")
    public void test02(){
        ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test();
    }
}

package com.kuang.annotation;

import javax.xml.bind.Element;
import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * 测试元注解
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 15:34
 */
@MyAnnotation
public class Test02 {
}
//定义一个注解
//Target 表示我们的注解可以用在哪些地方
@Target(value= {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
//Retention 表示我们的注解在什么地方还有效 注解的生命周期
//runtime > class > sources
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//Documented 表示是否将我们的注解生成在javadoc中
@Documented
//Inherited 表示子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited



@interface MyAnnotation{


}

package com.kuang.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 15:53
 */
//自定义注解
public class Test03 {
    @MyAnnotation2(age = 18,name = "yuxi")
    public void test(){

    }
    @MyAnnotation3("yuxi")
    public void test1(){

    }

}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
    //注解的参数 ： 参数类型 + 参数名()
    String name() default "";
    int age();
    int id() default  -1;//如果默认值为-1 ，代表不存在。
    String[] schools() default {"开源","大学"};

}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3{
    String value();
}

反射

package com.kuang.reflection;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 16:21
 */
public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException{
        //通过反射获取类的class 对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");
        System.out.println(c1);
        Class c2 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");
        Class c3 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");
        Class c4 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");

        //一个类在内存中只有一个Class对象
        //一个类被加载后，类的整个结构会被封装在Class 对象中
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        System.out.println(c4.hashCode());

    }
}
//实体类 ： pojo entity
class User{
    private String name;
    private int id;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String name, int id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

package com.kuang.reflection;

/**
 * 测试 class 类的创建方式有哪些
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 16:31
 */
public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        Person p1 = new Student();
        System.out.println("这个人是：" + p1.name);

        //方式一 : 通过对象获得
        Class c1 = p1.getClass();
        System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
        //方式二 ： forName
        Class c2 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.Student");
        System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
        //方式三 ： 通过类名.class
        Class c3 = Student.class;
        System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
        //方式四 ：基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
        Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
        System.out.println(c4.hashCode());

        //获得父类类型
        Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(c5);
    }
}
class Person{
    String name;

    public Person() {

    }

    public Person(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
class Student extends Person{
    public Student(){
        this.name = "学生";
    }
}
class Teacher extends Person{
    public Teacher(){
        this.name = "老师";
    }
}

package com.kuang.reflection;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 17:06
 */
public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class c1 = Object.class; //类
        Class c2 = Comparable.class;//接口
        Class c3 = String[].class;//一维数组
        Class c4 = int[][].class;//二维数组
        Class c5 = Override.class;//注解
        Class c6 = ElementType.class;//枚举
        Class c7 = Integer.class;//基本数据类型
        Class c8 = void.class;//void
        Class c9 = Class.class;//class

        System.out.println(c1);
        System.out.println(c2);
        System.out.println(c3);
        System.out.println(c4);
        System.out.println(c5);
        System.out.println(c6);
        System.out.println(c7);
        System.out.println(c8);
        System.out.println(c9);

        //只要元素类型与维度一致，就是同一个个Class
        int[] a = new int[10];
        int[] b = new int[100];
        System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
        System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());


    }
}

package com.kuang.reflection;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 17:47
 */
public class Test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        A a = new A();
        System.out.println(A.m);
        /*
        1.加载到内存，会产生一个类对应的Class对象
        2.链接 ，链接结束后 m=0;
        3.初始化
        <clinit>(){
                System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
                m = 300;
                m = 100;
          }
          m = 100;
         */

    }
}
class A{
    static {
        System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
        m = 300;
    }
    static int m = 100;
    public A(){
        System.out.println("A类无参构造初始化");
    }
}

package com.kuang.reflection;

/**
 * 测试类初始化
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 18:28
 */
public class Test05 {
    static{
        System.out.println("Main类被加载");
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.主动引用
        //Son son = new Son();
        //反射也会产生主动引用
        //Class.forName(("com.kuang.reflection.son"));

        //不会产生类的引用的方法
        //System.out.println(Son.b); 类的静态变量
        //Son[] arr = new Son[5]; 常量
        System.out.println(Son.M);

    }
}
class Father{
    static int b = 2;
    static{
        System.out.println("父类被加载");
    }
}
class Son extends Father{
    static {
        System.out.println("子类被加载");
        m = 300;
    }
    static int m = 100;
    static final int M = 1;
}

package com.kuang.reflection;

/**
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 18:50
 */
public class Test07 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //获取系统类的加载器
        ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
        //获取系统类的加载器的父类加载器 -->扩展类加载器
        ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent);
        //获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器 ---> 根加载器（引导类加载器）
        ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
        System.out.println(parent1);
        //测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
        ClassLoader aClass  = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.Test07").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(aClass);
        //测试JDK 内置的类的加载器
        ClassLoader aL  = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
        System.out.println(aL);

        //如何获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));



    }
}

package com.kuang.reflection;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * //获取类的信息
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 19:07
 */
public class Test08 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");


        //获得类的名字
        System.out.println(c1.getName());//包名 + 类名
        System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());//类名
        //获得类的属性
        System.out.println("===============================");
        Field[] fields = c1.getFields();//只能找到public属性
        fields = c1.getDeclaredFields();//找到全部属性
        for (Field field : fields){
            System.out.println(field);
        }
        //获得属性的值
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        System.out.println(name);
        //获得类的方法
        System.out.println("====================");
        Method[] methods = c1.getMethods();//获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
        for (Method method : methods){
            System.out.println("正常的" + method);
        }
        methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods();//获得本类所有方法
        for (Method method : methods){
            System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods" + method);
        }
        //获得指定的构造器
        //重载
        System.out.println("=======================");
        Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
        Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName", String.class);
        System.out.println(getName);
        System.out.println(setName);
        //获得指定的构造器
        System.out.println("============================");
        Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors){
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }
        constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for (Constructor constructor : constructors){
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }
        //获得指定的构造器
        Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,int.class);
        System.out.println("指定的" + declaredConstructor);

    }
}

package com.kuang.reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * 动态的创建对象，通过反射
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 19:35
 */
public class Test09 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
        //获得Class对象
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.User");
        //构造一个对象
//        User user = (User)c1.newInstance();//本质调用类的无参构造器
//        System.out.println(user);

        //通过构造器创建对象
//        Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class);
//        User user2 = (User)constructor.newInstance("yuxi",123);
//        System.out.println(user2);

        //通过反射调用普通方法
        User user3 = (User)c1.newInstance();
        //通过反射获取一个普通方法
        Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
        //invoke : 激活
        //(对象 , "方法的值")
        setName.invoke(user3,"hello");
        System.out.println(user3.getName());

        //通过反射操作属性
        User user4 = (User)c1.newInstance();
        Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        //不能直接操作私有属性，我们需要关闭程序的安全检测，属性或者方法的setAccessible(true)
        name.setAccessible(true);
        name.set(user4,"haha");
        System.out.println(user4.getName());


    }
}

 package com.kuang.reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * 分析性能问题
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 20:04
 */
public class Test10 {
    //普通方式
    public static void test01(){
        User user = new User();
        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            user.getName();
        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("普通方式执行一亿次 ： " + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");

    }
    //反射调用
    public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        User user = new User();
        Class c1 = user.getClass();
        Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);


        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(user,null);
        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("反射方式执行一亿次 ： " + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");

    }
    //反射调用 关闭检测
    public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
        User user = new User();
        Class c1 = user.getClass();
        Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
        getName.setAccessible(true);

        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
            getName.invoke(user,null);
        }
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("关闭检测方式执行一亿次 ： " + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
        test01();
        test02();
        test03();
    }
}

package com.kuang.reflection;

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

/**
 * 反射操作注解
 * @author shiyu
 * @date 2021-04-01 20:23
 */
public class Test11 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class c1 = Class.forName("com.kuang.reflection.Student1");
        //通过反射获得注解
        Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            System.out.println(annotation);

        }
        //获得注解value的值
        TableY tableY = (TableY)c1.getAnnotation(TableY.class);
        String value = tableY.value();
        System.out.println(value);

        //获得类指定的注解
        Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
        FieldX annotation = f.getAnnotation(FieldX.class);
        System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
        System.out.println(annotation.type());
        System.out.println(annotation.length());

    }
}
@TableY("db_student")
class Student1{
    @FieldX(columnName = "db_id",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int id;
    @FieldX(columnName = "db_name",type = "varchar",length = 10)
    private String name;
    @FieldX(columnName = "db_age",type = "int",length = 10)
    private int age;

    public Student1() {

    }

    public Student1(String name, int id, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student1{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableY{
    String value();
}
//属性注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface FieldX{
    String columnName();
    String type();
    int length();
}

(int id) {
this.id = id;
}

public int getAge() {
    return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
    return "Student1{" +
            "name='" + name + '\'' +
            ", id=" + id +
            ", age=" + age +
            '}';
}

}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableY{
String value();
}
//属性注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface FieldX{
String columnName();
String type();
int length();
}