利用QEMU模拟启动uboot

1. 环境配置：

实体机：Windows7
虚拟机：Linux ubuntu 18.04
模拟开发板：vexpress-a9
u-boot版本：u-boot-2017.05-rc2.tar.bz2

2. 安装QEMU

2.1 源码安装

下载安装QEMU需要依赖的库

apt install zlib1g-dev
apt install libglib2.0-0 libglib2.0-dev
apt install libsdl1.2-dev
apt install libpixman-1-dev libfdt-dev

QEMU源码下载
https://www.qemu.org/download/
使用2.7.0版本进行编译安装

wget https://www.qemu.org/download/qemu-2.7.0.tar.xz

解压

tar -xvf qemu-2.7.0.tar.xz

进入源码目录
配置为ARM架构

./configure --target-list=arm-softmmu --audio-drv-list
make
make install

2.2 联网安装

apt install qemu

查看支持哪些开发板

qemu-system-arm -M help

查看结果如下：

root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu# qemu-system-arm -M help
Supported machines are:
akita                Sharp SL-C1000 (Akita) PDA (PXA270)
ast2500-evb          Aspeed AST2500 EVB (ARM1176)
borzoi               Sharp SL-C3100 (Borzoi) PDA (PXA270)
canon-a1100          Canon PowerShot A1100 IS
cheetah              Palm Tungsten|E aka. Cheetah PDA (OMAP310)
collie               Sharp SL-5500 (Collie) PDA (SA-1110)
connex               Gumstix Connex (PXA255)
cubieboard           cubietech cubieboard
emcraft-sf2          SmartFusion2 SOM kit from Emcraft (M2S010)
highbank             Calxeda Highbank (ECX-1000)
imx25-pdk            ARM i.MX25 PDK board (ARM926)
integratorcp         ARM Integrator/CP (ARM926EJ-S)
kzm                  ARM KZM Emulation Baseboard (ARM1136)
lm3s6965evb          Stellaris LM3S6965EVB
lm3s811evb           Stellaris LM3S811EVB
mainstone            Mainstone II (PXA27x)
midway               Calxeda Midway (ECX-2000)
mps2-an385           ARM MPS2 with AN385 FPGA image for Cortex-M3
mps2-an511           ARM MPS2 with AN511 DesignStart FPGA image for Cortex-M3
musicpal             Marvell 88w8618 / MusicPal (ARM926EJ-S)
n800                 Nokia N800 tablet aka. RX-34 (OMAP2420)
n810                 Nokia N810 tablet aka. RX-44 (OMAP2420)
netduino2            Netduino 2 Machine
none                 empty machine
nuri                 Samsung NURI board (Exynos4210)
palmetto-bmc         OpenPOWER Palmetto BMC (ARM926EJ-S)
raspi2               Raspberry Pi 2
realview-eb          ARM RealView Emulation Baseboard (ARM926EJ-S)
realview-eb-mpcore   ARM RealView Emulation Baseboard (ARM11MPCore)
realview-pb-a8       ARM RealView Platform Baseboard for Cortex-A8
realview-pbx-a9      ARM RealView Platform Baseboard Explore for Cortex-A9
romulus-bmc          OpenPOWER Romulus BMC (ARM1176)
sabrelite            Freescale i.MX6 Quad SABRE Lite Board (Cortex A9)
smdkc210             Samsung SMDKC210 board (Exynos4210)
spitz                Sharp SL-C3000 (Spitz) PDA (PXA270)
sx1                  Siemens SX1 (OMAP310) V2
sx1-v1               Siemens SX1 (OMAP310) V1
terrier              Sharp SL-C3200 (Terrier) PDA (PXA270)
tosa                 Sharp SL-6000 (Tosa) PDA (PXA255)
verdex               Gumstix Verdex (PXA270)
versatileab          ARM Versatile/AB (ARM926EJ-S)
versatilepb          ARM Versatile/PB (ARM926EJ-S)
vexpress-a15         ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A15
vexpress-a9          ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A9
virt-2.10            QEMU 2.10 ARM Virtual Machine
virt                 QEMU 2.11 ARM Virtual Machine (alias of virt-2.11)
virt-2.11            QEMU 2.11 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.6             QEMU 2.6 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.7             QEMU 2.7 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.8             QEMU 2.8 ARM Virtual Machine
virt-2.9             QEMU 2.9 ARM Virtual Machine
xilinx-zynq-a9       Xilinx Zynq Platform Baseboard for Cortex-A9
z2                   Zipit Z2 (PXA27x)

3 安装交叉编译链

apt install arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
//查看安装的apt软件
apt list --installed
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge
#命令&参数解释：
#sudo——获取 root 权限
#apt-get——执行安装卸载功能的软件
#autoremove——告诉 apt-get 我们所要做的操作是移除软件
#–purge——注意这前面是两个短划线，这个参数是告诉他们要完整的干净的彻底的移除
#加上即将卸载的软件名称
#sudo apt-get autoremove --purge vim

4. 编译uboot

解压源码文件后执行如下命令

root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu/Desktop/u-boot-2017.05-rc2# make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPLIE=arm-linux-gnueabi- vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
  SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
  SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c
  SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
  HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf
#
# configuration written to .config
#

执行编译过程

make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- -j8

可以看到生成的uboot.bin文件

5. 使用qemu工具运行uboot

root@ubuntu:/home/ubuntu/Desktop/u-boot-2017.05-rc2# qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -kernel ./u-boot -nographic -no-reboot
pulseaudio: set_sink_input_volume() failed
pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument
pulseaudio: set_sink_input_mute() failed
pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument


U-Boot 2017.05-rc2 (Oct 24 2023 - 07:32:41 -0700)

DRAM:  512 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 128 MiB
MMC:   MMC: 0
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Net:   smc911x-0
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
=>

启动后，可以看到u-boot已经正常运行，但是由于找不到kernel，所以无法启动kernel，因此停留在u-boot命令行模式下。

在uboot下使用help命令，可以查看uboot的所有指令。

=> help
?       - alias for 'help'
base    - print or set address offset
bdinfo  - print Board Info structure
bootefi - Boots an EFI payload from memory
bootelf - Boot from an ELF image in memory
bootm   - boot application image from memory
bootp   - boot image via network using BOOTP/TFTP protocol
bootvx  - Boot vxWorks from an ELF image
bootz   - boot Linux zImage image from memory
cmp     - memory compare
cp      - memory copy
crc32   - checksum calculation
dhcp    - boot image via network using DHCP/TFTP protocol
echo    - echo args to console
env     - environment handling commands
erase   - erase FLASH memory
exit    - exit script
ext2load- load binary file from a Ext2 filesystem
ext2ls  - list files in a directory (default /)
ext4load- load binary file from a Ext4 filesystem
ext4ls  - list files in a directory (default /)
ext4size- determine a file's size
false   - do nothing, unsuccessfully
fatinfo - print information about filesystem
fatload - load binary file from a dos filesystem
fatls   - list files in a directory (default /)
fatsize - determine a file's size
fdt     - flattened device tree utility commands
flinfo  - print FLASH memory information
fstype  - Look up a filesystem type
go      - start application at address 'addr'
help    - print command description/usage
iminfo  - print header information for application image
load    - load binary file from a filesystem
loop    - infinite loop on address range
ls      - list files in a directory (default /)
md      - memory display
mii     - MII utility commands
mm      - memory modify (auto-incrementing address)
mmc     - MMC sub system
mmcinfo - display MMC info
mw      - memory write (fill)
nm      - memory modify (constant address)
part    - disk partition related commands
ping    - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host
printenv- print environment variables
protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection
pxe     - commands to get and boot from pxe files
reset   - Perform RESET of the CPU
run     - run commands in an environment variable
save    - save file to a filesystem
saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage
setenv  - set environment variables
showvar - print local hushshell variables
size    - determine a file's size
source  - run script from memory
sysboot - command to get and boot from syslinux files
test    - minimal test like /bin/sh
tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol
true    - do nothing, successfully
version - print monitor, compiler and linker version
=>

由此，qemu加载uboot的流程已完成，下一步使用测试使用uboot加载内核的过程。