Seata-彻底解决Spring Cloud中的分布式事务问题


一、分布式事务问题

  • 分布式事务
    分布式事务可以理解成一个包含了若干分支事务的全局事务,全局事务的职责是协调其下管辖的分支事务达成一致,要么一起成功提交,要么一起失败回滚。此外,通常分支事务本身就是一个满足ACID的本地事务。
  • 单体应用
    单体应用中,一个业务操作需要调用三个模块完成,此时数据的一致性由本地事务来保证。
    在这里插入图片描述
  • 微服务应用
    随着业务需求的变化,单体应用被拆分成微服务应用,原来的三个模块被拆分成三个独立的应用,分别使用独立的数据源,业务操作需要调用三个服务来完成。此时每个服务内部的数据一致性由本地事务来保证,但是全局的数据一致性问题没法保证。
    在这里插入图片描述
  • 小结
    在微服务架构中由于全局数据一致性没法保证产生的问题就是分布式事务问题。简单来说,一次业务操作需要操作多个数据源或需要进行远程调用,就会产生分布式事务问题。

二、Seata简介

Seata是Alibaba开源的一款分布式事务解决方案,致力于提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。Seata 将为用户提供了 AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事务模式(默认是AT模式),为用户打造一站式的分布式解决方案。

Seata框架的应用模式为客户端-服务器模式,其对分布式事务的处理过程涉及三个组件:Transaction Coordinator(TC)、Transaction Manager(TM)和Resource Manager(RM)。

全称简称中文作用
Transaction CoordinatorTC事务协调器维护全局事务的运行状态,负责协调并驱动全局事务的提交或回滚
Transaction ManagerTM事务管理器控制全局事务的边界,负责开启一个全局事务,并最终发起全局提交或回滚的决议
Resource ManageRM资源管理器控制分支事务,负责分支注册、状态汇报,并接收事务协调器的指令,驱动分支(本地)事务的提交和回滚

在这里插入图片描述

三、Seata典型的分布式事务处理过程

  • TM 向 TC 申请开启一个全局事务,全局事务创建成功并生成一个全局唯一的 XID
  • XID 在微服务调用链路的上下文中传播
  • RM 向 TC 注册分支事务,将其纳入 XID 对应全局事务的管辖
  • TM 向 TC 发起针对 XID 的全局提交或回滚决议
  • TC 调度 XID 下管辖的全部分支事务完成提交或回滚请求

TM 下达全局事务的开启、提交和回滚指令给 TC,TC 接收到 TM 下达的指令后向 RM 发布调度指令,RM 接收到 TC 发布的指令后执行提交和回滚操作。

在这里插入图片描述

四、seata-server的安装与配置(服务端)

  1. 从官网下载seata-server,下载地址:https://github.com/seata/seata/releases,解压后如下图:
    2.
  2. 修改conf目录下的file.conf配置文件,主要修改自定义事务组名称,事务日志存储模式为db及数据库连接信息
service {
  #vgroup->rgroup
  vgroupMapping.fsp_tx_group = "default" #修改事务组名称为:fsp_tx_group,和客户端自定义的名称对应
  #only support single node
  default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
  #degrade current not support
  enableDegrade = false
  #disable
  disable = false
  #unit ms,s,m,h,d represents milliseconds, seconds, minutes, hours, days, default permanent
  max.commit.retry.timeout = "-1"
  max.rollback.retry.timeout = "-1"
}
## transaction log store, only used in seata-server
store {
  ## store mode: file、db、redis
  mode = "db" #修改此处将事务信息存储到数据库中

  ## file store property
  file {
    ## store location dir
    dir = "sessionStore"
    # branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
    maxBranchSessionSize = 16384
    # globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
    maxGlobalSessionSize = 512
    # file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
    fileWriteBufferCacheSize = 16384
    # when recover batch read size
    sessionReloadReadSize = 100
    # async, sync
    flushDiskMode = async
  }

  ## database store property
  db {
    ## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp)/HikariDataSource(hikari) etc.
    datasource = "druid"
    ## mysql/oracle/postgresql/h2/oceanbase etc.
    dbType = "mysql"
    driverClassName = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"
    url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seat-server?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8"
    user = "root"
    password = "root"
    minConn = 5
    maxConn = 100
    globalTable = "global_table"
    branchTable = "branch_table"
    lockTable = "lock_table"
    queryLimit = 100
    maxWait = 5000
  }

  ## redis store property
  redis {
    host = "127.0.0.1"
    port = "6379"
    password = ""
    database = "0"
    minConn = 1
    maxConn = 10
    maxTotal = 100
    queryLimit = 100
  }

}

注意:因为我本地安装的mysql版本为8.0.21,所以driverClassName为“com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver”,且url后要添加“serverTimezone=GMT%2B8”,而mysql8之前的版本driverClassName为“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”。
3. 修改conf目录下的registry.conf配置文件,指明注册中心为nacos,及修改nacos连接信息即可。

registry {
  # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
  type = "nacos" #改为nacos
  loadBalance = "RandomLoadBalance"
  loadBalanceVirtualNodes = 10

  nacos {
    application = "seata-server"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    namespace = ""
    cluster = "default"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  eureka {
    serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
    application = "default"
    weight = "1"
  }
  redis {
    serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
    db = 0
    password = ""
    cluster = "default"
    timeout = 0
  }
  zk {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    sessionTimeout = 6000
    connectTimeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  consul {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  etcd3 {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  sofa {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
    application = "default"
    region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
    datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
    cluster = "default"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    addressWaitTime = "3000"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

config {
  # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
  type = "file"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848" #改为nacos的连接地址
    namespace = ""
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  consul {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  apollo {
    appId = "seata-server"
    apolloMeta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
    namespace = "application"
    apolloAccesskeySecret = ""
  }
  zk {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    sessionTimeout = 6000
    connectTimeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  etcd3 {
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}
  1. 先启动Nacos,再使用seata-server中/bin/seata-server.bat文件启动seata-server。

五、数据库准备

导入seat-server数据库

由于我们使用了db模式存储事务日志,所以我们需要创建一个seat-server数据库,建表db_store.sql、db_undo_log.sql
(注意,自1.0版本后,seata-server解压后的conf文件夹下已经没有db_store.sql和db_undo_log.sql)。

db_store.sql

drop table if exists `global_table`;
create table `global_table` (
  `xid` varchar(128)  not null,
  `transaction_id` bigint,
  `status` tinyint not null,
  `application_id` varchar(32),
  `transaction_service_group` varchar(32),
  `transaction_name` varchar(128),
  `timeout` int,
  `begin_time` bigint,
  `application_data` varchar(2000),
  `gmt_create` datetime,
  `gmt_modified` datetime,
  primary key (`xid`),
  key `idx_gmt_modified_status` (`gmt_modified`, `status`),
  key `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
);


drop table if exists `branch_table`;
create table `branch_table` (
  `branch_id` bigint not null,
  `xid` varchar(128) not null,
  `transaction_id` bigint ,
  `resource_group_id` varchar(32),
  `resource_id` varchar(256) ,
  `lock_key` varchar(128) ,
  `branch_type` varchar(8) ,
  `status` tinyint,
  `client_id` varchar(64),
  `application_data` varchar(2000),
  `gmt_create` datetime,
  `gmt_modified` datetime,
  primary key (`branch_id`),
  key `idx_xid` (`xid`)
);


drop table if exists `lock_table`;
create table `lock_table` (
  `row_key` varchar(128) not null,
  `xid` varchar(96),
  `transaction_id` long ,
  `branch_id` long,
  `resource_id` varchar(256) ,
  `table_name` varchar(32) ,
  `pk` varchar(36) ,
  `gmt_create` datetime ,
  `gmt_modified` datetime,
  primary key(`row_key`)
);

db_undo_log.sql

CREATE TABLE `undo_log` (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
  `xid` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `context` varchar(128) NOT NULL,
  `rollback_info` longblob NOT NULL,
  `log_status` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `log_created` datetime NOT NULL,
  `log_modified` datetime NOT NULL,
  `ext` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`,`branch_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

创建业务数据库

  • seat-order:存储订单的数据库
  • seat-storage:存储库存的数据库
  • seat-account:存储账户信息的数据库

order表

CREATE TABLE `order` (
  `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
  `product_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
  `count` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数量',
  `money` decimal(11,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '金额',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

ALTER TABLE `order` ADD COLUMN `status` int(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单状态:0:创建中;1:已完结' AFTER `money` ;

storage表

CREATE TABLE `storage` (
                         `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
                         `product_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
                         `total` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总库存',
                         `used` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用库存',
                         `residue` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '剩余库存',
                         PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `seat-storage`.`storage` (`id`, `product_id`, `total`, `used`, `residue`) VALUES ('1', '1', '100', '0', '100');

account表

CREATE TABLE `account` (
  `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'id',
  `user_id` bigint(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
  `total` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总额度',
  `used` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用余额',
  `residue` decimal(10,0) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '剩余可用额度',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO `seat-account`.`account` (`id`, `user_id`, `total`, `used`, `residue`) VALUES ('1', '1', '1000', '0', '1000');

六、模拟分布式事务问题

创建三个服务,分别为订单服务(seata-order-service)、库存服务(seata-storage-service)和账户服务(seata-account-service)。
用户通过订单服务下单,订单服务会创建一个订单,然后远程调用库存服务扣减下单商品的库存,再远程调用账户服务扣减账户余额,最后订单状态更新为完成状态。
创建的三个服务为三个独立的应用,每个服务都使用自己的独立的数据源,每个服务内部的数据一致性由本地事务来保证。但上述操作,跨越三个数据库,有两次远程调用,故而会存在分布式事务问题。

七、seata服务配置(客户端)

三个服务配置大致相同,故以订单服务(seata-order-service)为例来说明。

  1. pom文件配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.macro.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>seata-order-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>seata-order-service</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version>
        <mysql-connector-java.version>8.0.21</mysql-connector-java.version>
        <mybatis-spring-boot-starter.version>2.0.0</mybatis-spring-boot-starter.version>
        <druid-spring-boot-starter.version>1.1.10</druid-spring-boot-starter.version>
        <lombok.version>1.18.8</lombok.version>
        <seata.version>1.3.0</seata.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--nacos-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--seata-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
                    <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
            <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
            <version>${seata.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--feign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis-spring-boot-starter.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>${mysql-connector-java.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>${druid-spring-boot-starter.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>${lombok.version}</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

如上述pom文件,我选用的Spring Cloud Version为Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR8,Spring Cloud Alibaba Version为2.2.5.RELEASE,Spring Boot Version为2.3.2.RELEASE。版本依赖冲突,可能会导致报错java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: no server available。具体版本说明可以查看官网地址https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E

  1. application.yml文件
server:
  port: 8180
spring:
  application:
    name: seata-order-service
  cloud:
    alibaba:
      seata:
        tx-service-group: fsp_tx_group #此处内容应与seata-server保持一致
      nacos:
        discovery:
          server-addr: localhost:8848
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    password: root
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seat-order?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
    username: root
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: false
logging:
  level:
    io:
      seata: info
mybatis:
  mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

  1. file.conf 和 registry.conf
    将file.conf 和 registry.conf 复制到订单服务(seata-order-service)中。
    注意:file.conf文件在seata1.0版本之前,service中第一行配置为vgroup_mapping,而在1.0版本之后被修改为vgroupMapping。因为我本地使用的seata-server版本为1.3.0,故而在拷贝之前需将vgroup_mapping修改为vgroupMapping,不然启动服务时将会报错java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: endpoint format should like ip:port

  2. 在启动类中取消数据源的自动创建,即添加注解@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)

package com.macro.cloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

// 取消数据源的自动创建, 使用Seata对数据源进行代理
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class SeataOrderServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SeataOrderServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

}
  1. 使用Seata对数据源进行代理
package com.macro.cloud.config;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransactionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

/**
 * @Author 听秋
 * @Description //TODO 使用Seata对数据源进行代理
 * @Date 10:28 2021/3/19
 * @Param 
 * @return
 **/
@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {

    @Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
    private String mapperLocations;

    @Bean
    // 读取配置文件中的配置。
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    public DataSource druidDataSource(){
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
    }

    @Bean
    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
        SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver()
                .getResources(mapperLocations));
        sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
        return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
    }

}
  1. 使用@GlobalTransactional注解开启分布式事务
package com.macro.cloud.service.impl;

import com.macro.cloud.dao.OrderDao;
import com.macro.cloud.domain.Order;
import com.macro.cloud.service.AccountService;
import com.macro.cloud.service.OrderService;
import com.macro.cloud.service.StorageService;
import io.seata.spring.annotation.GlobalTransactional;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 1. @Author 听秋
 2. @Description //TODO 订单业务实现类
 3. @Date 10:32 2021/3/22
 4. @Param
 5. @return
 **/
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OrderServiceImpl.class);

    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;
    @Autowired
    private StorageService storageService;
    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    /**
     * 创建订单->调用库存服务扣减库存->调用账户服务扣减账户余额->修改订单状态
     */
    @Override
    // 开启分布式事务,name为全局事务实例名称,rollbackFor表示遇到Exception时回滚
    @GlobalTransactional(name = "fsp-create-order",rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public void create(Order order) {
        LOGGER.info("------->下单开始");
        //本应用创建订单
        orderDao.create(order);

        //远程调用库存服务扣减库存
        LOGGER.info("------->order-service中扣减库存开始");
        storageService.decrease(order.getProductId(),order.getCount());
        LOGGER.info("------->order-service中扣减库存结束");

        //远程调用账户服务扣减余额
        LOGGER.info("------->order-service中扣减余额开始");
        accountService.decrease(order.getUserId(),order.getMoney());
        LOGGER.info("------->order-service中扣减余额结束");

        //修改订单状态为已完成
        LOGGER.info("------->order-service中修改订单状态开始");
        orderDao.update(order.getUserId(),0);
        LOGGER.info("------->order-service中修改订单状态结束");

        LOGGER.info("------->下单结束");
    }
}
  1. 分布式事务功能演示
    通过模拟异常或者注释掉@GlobalTransactional,调用下单接口,观察并对比三个数据库中的数据。
  • 1
    点赞
  • 3
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 打赏
    打赏
  • 3
    评论
评论 3
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包

打赏作者

久违の欢喜

你的鼓励将是我创作的最大动力

¥1 ¥2 ¥4 ¥6 ¥10 ¥20
扫码支付:¥1
获取中
扫码支付

您的余额不足,请更换扫码支付或充值

打赏作者

实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值