集合详解二、ArrayList 底层代码分析

一、ArraryList源码分析：

 

1、成员变量：

ArrayList 底层是基于数组来实现容量大小动态变化的。

	/**
     * Default initial capacity.
     */
    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
	 /**
     * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
     * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
     * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
     * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
     */
    transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

    /**
     * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private int size;
    

• 上面的 size 是指 elementData 中实际有多少个元素，而 elementData.length 为集合容量，表示最多可以容纳多少个元素。
• 默认size的初始大小为10：DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
   

/**
     * The number of times this list has been <i>structurally modified</i>.
     * Structural modifications are those that change the size of the
     * list, or otherwise perturb it in such a fashion that iterations in
     * progress may yield incorrect results.
     *
     * <p>This field is used by the iterator and list iterator implementation
     * returned by the {@code iterator} and {@code listIterator} methods.
     * If the value of this field changes unexpectedly, the iterator (or list
     * iterator) will throw a {@code ConcurrentModificationException} in
     * response to the {@code next}, {@code remove}, {@code previous},
     * {@code set} or {@code add} operations.  This provides
     * <i>fail-fast</i> behavior, rather than non-deterministic behavior in
     * the face of concurrent modification during iteration.
     *
     * <p><b>Use of this field by subclasses is optional.</b> If a subclass
     * wishes to provide fail-fast iterators (and list iterators), then it
     * merely has to increment this field in its {@code add(int, E)} and
     * {@code remove(int)} methods (and any other methods that it overrides
     * that result in structural modifications to the list).  A single call to
     * {@code add(int, E)} or {@code remove(int)} must add no more than
     * one to this field, or the iterators (and list iterators) will throw
     * bogus {@code ConcurrentModificationExceptions}.  If an implementation
     * does not wish to provide fail-fast iterators, this field may be
     * ignored.
     */
    protected transient int modCount = 0;
    

• modCount 这个变量是定义在 AbstractList 中的。记录对 List 操作的次数。主要使用是在 Iterator，是防止在迭代的过程中集合被修改。

 

/**
     * Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
     */
    private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

    /**
     * Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
     * distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
     * first element is added.
     */
    private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
    

• 这两个变量是用在构造函数里面的；
• 两个空的数组有什么区别呢？ We distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when first element is added. 简单来讲就是第一次添加元素时知道该 elementData 从空的构造函数还是有参构造函数被初始化的。以便确认如何扩容。
• EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA：用于空参构造函数中，创建一个空数组。
• DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA：用于有参数构造函数，创建一个空的数组。
   
   

2、构造函数：

1、无参构造函数：

	 /**
     * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
     */
    public ArrayList() {
        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }

• 注意：注释是说构造一个容量大小为 10 的空的 list 集合，但构造函数了只是给 elementData 赋值了一个空的数组，其实是在第一次添加元素时容量扩大至 10 的。
• 当使用无参构造函数时是把 DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA 赋值给 elementData。
   
   

2、有参构造函数：

构造一个初始容量大小为 initialCapacity 的 ArrayList：

/**
 * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
 *  * @param  initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the list
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
 *         is negative
  */
    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        }
    }

• 当 initialCapacity 为零时则是把 EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA 赋值给 elementData；
• 当 initialCapacity 大于零时初始化一个大小为 initialCapacity 的 object 数组并赋值给 elementData。
• 无参构造创建的实例是DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA；
• 有参构造创建的实例是EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA。

 
 

3、有参构造函数

使用指定 Collection 来构造 ArrayList 的构造函数：

/**
     * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
     * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
     * iterator.
     *
     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
        elementData = c.toArray();
        if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
            // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
            if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
                elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
        } else {
            // replace with empty array.
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        }
    }

• 将 Collection 转化为数组并赋值给 elementData，把 elementData 中元素的个数赋值给 size。 如果 size 不为零，则判断 elementData 的 class 类型是否为 Object[]，不是的话则做一次转换。 如果 size 为零，则把 EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA 赋值给 elementData，相当于new ArrayList(0)。

 

3、主要操作方法解析：

1. add操作：源码如下：

	public boolean add(E e) {
		//校验集合容量，是否扩容
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }



	private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        }

        ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
    }




	private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        modCount++;

        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }




	private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }

• 每次调用list的add方法添加元素到集合中时，调用ensureCapacityInternal方法，该方法中的size代表执行添加前的元素个数；
• ensureCapacityInternal()方法判断是不是第一次添加元素，若为第一次，则设置初始化大小为默认的值10,否则使用传入的参数；
• 当我们创建一个ArrayList集合的时候（使用无惨构造函数时），默认会给我们分配一个容量为10的数组。
• ensureExplicitCapacity 中对 modCount 自增 1，记录操作次数，然后如果 minCapacity 大于 elementData 的长度，则对集合进行扩容。显然第一次添加元素时 elementData 的长度为零,所以要进行扩容。
• grow():默认将扩容至原来容量的 1.5 倍。但是扩容之后也不一定适用，有可能太小，有可能太大。所以才会有下面两个 if 判断。如果1.5倍太小的话，则将我们所需的容量大小赋值给newCapacity，如果1.5倍太大或者我们需要的容量太大，那就直接拿 newCapacity = (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : MAX_ARRAY_SIZE 来扩容。然后将原数组中的数据复制到大小为 newCapacity 的新数组中，并将新数组赋值给 elementData。