16.C++之友元

学习目标：

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学习内容：

一般来说，程序中类内的私有属性只能在类内访问，不能够被类外的函数或者类访问。但是要想被类外的函数或者类来访问类内的私有属性，就要使用友元技术。友元的关键字为：friend；

友元实现一般有三种方式：

• 全局函数做友元；
• 类做友元；
• 成员函数做友元

1. 全局函数做友元

1.1以引用传值来实现全局函数做友元

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Building
{
	friend void goodGay(Building& building);
public:
	Building()
	{
		m_SittingRoom = "客厅";
		m_BedRoom = "卧室";
	}
public:
	string m_SittingRoom;
private:
	string m_BedRoom;
};

//全局函数
void goodGay(Building& building)
{
	cout << "好基友全局函数  正在访问:" << building.m_SittingRoom << endl;

	cout << "好基友全局函数  正在访问:" << building.m_BedRoom << endl;
}

void test()
{
	Building b;
	goodGay(b);
}
int main()
{
	test();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

1.2以指针传值来实现全局函数做友元

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Building
{
	
	friend void goodGay(Building* building);
public:
	Building()
	{
		m_SittingRoom = "客厅";
		m_BedRoom = "卧室";
	}
public:
	string m_SittingRoom;
private:
	string m_BedRoom;
};

//全局函数
void goodGay(Building* building)
{
	cout << "好基友全局函数  正在访问:" << building->m_SittingRoom << endl;

	cout << "好基友全局函数  正在访问:" << building->m_BedRoom << endl;
}

void test()
{
	Building b;
	goodGay(&b);
}
int main()
{
	test();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2. 成员函数做友元

类做友元就是一个类可以去访问另一个类的属性。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Building;
class GoodGay
{
public:
	GoodGay();

	void visit(); //使visit函数可以访问Building中成员
	Building* building;
};

class Building
{
	//GoodGay作为friend可以访问该类的私有成员
	friend void GoodGay::visit();
public:
	Building();
public:
	string m_SittingRoom;  //客厅
private:
	string m_BedRoom;      //卧室
};

Building::Building()
{
	m_SittingRoom = "客厅";
	m_BedRoom = "卧室";
}

GoodGay::GoodGay() 
{
	//创建Building的对象,调用Building的构造函数
	building = new Building;
}
void GoodGay::visit()
{
	cout << "visit函数正在访问：" << building->m_SittingRoom << endl;
	cout << "visit函数正在访问（私有属性）：" << building->m_BedRoom << endl;
}

void test()
{
	GoodGay gg;
	gg.visit();
}
int main()
{
	test();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

3. 类做友元

//类做友元
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Building;
class GoogGay 
{
public:
	GoogGay();//构造函数
	void visit(); //参观函数 访问 Building中的属性
	Building* building;
};
class Building
{
	friend class GoogGay;
public:
	Building();
public:
	string m_SittingRoom;  //客厅
private:
	string m_BedRoom;      //卧室
};

//类外写成员函数
Building::Building()
{
	m_SittingRoom = "客厅";
	m_BedRoom = "卧室";
}

GoogGay::GoogGay()
{
	//创建建筑物的对象
	building = new Building;
}

void GoogGay::visit()
{
	cout << "好基友  正在访问:" << building->m_SittingRoom << endl;

	cout << "好基友  正在访问:" << building->m_BedRoom << endl;
}

void test()
{
	GoogGay gg;
	gg.visit();
}
int main()
{
	test();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

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