hibernate
hibernate的简介
ORM框架/持久层框架
dao : dao
jdbc : hibernate jdbc
ORM(Object Relational Mapping):对象关系映射。
对象与关系型数据库之间的映射管理框架
优势:跨数据库的无缝移植(SqlServer、Oracle、MySql)
添加hibernate
如何在项目中添加hibernate(5.2.12.Final)支持(手动添加)
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>5.2.12.Final</version>
</dependency>
1 添加hibernate相关依赖
2 在resource目录下添加hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件)
2.1 添加DTD支持
2.2 添加Hibernate的配置 mysql的jar使用5.x即可
2.2.1 数据库相关(connection.username|connection.password|connection.url|connection.driver_class|dialect)
<!-- 数据库相关配置 -->
<!-- 链接账户名称 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<!-- 链接账户密码 -->
<property name="connection.password"></property>
<!-- 链接的绝对路径 -->
<property name="connection.url">
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/t243?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&userSSL=false
</property>
<!-- 驱动的绝对路径 -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
</property>
<!-- 数据库方言 -->
<property name="dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
</property>
2.2.2 调试相关(show_sql|format_sql)
<!-- 调试相关配置 -->
<!-- hibernate运行过程是否展示自动生成的SQL代码 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- 是否规范化输出SQL代码 -->
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
2.3 在开发阶段再创建实体类和实体映射文件(*.hbm.xml)
实体必须实现Serializable接口
数据库表数据
create table t_user_hb
(
id int not null primary key, -- ID:主键,注:没有设置为自动增长
user_name varchar(50) not null, -- 用户名
user_pwd varchar(10) not null, -- 密码
real_name varchar(50), -- 真实姓名
sex char(2), -- 性别
birthday datetime, -- 出生日期
create_datetime timestamp NULL default CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, -- 创建日期时间,默认为系统当前时间
remark varchar(1024) -- 备注
);
insert into t_user_hb(id,user_name,user_pwd,real_name,sex,birthday,create_datetime,remark)
values(1,'zs','123','张三','男',20001010,null,'abcd');
insert into t_user_hb(id,user_name,user_pwd,real_name,sex,birthday,remark)
values(2,'ls','123','李四','男',20001110,'xyz');
User实体类
package com.tang.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.sql.Timestamp;
import java.util.Date;
public class User implements Serializable{
private Integer id;
private String userName;
private String userPwd;
private String realName;
private String sex;
private Date birthday;
private Timestamp createDatetime;
private String remark;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getUserPwd() {
return userPwd;
}
public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) {
this.userPwd = userPwd;
}
public String getRealName() {
return realName;
}
public void setRealName(String realName) {
this.realName = realName;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public Timestamp getCreateDatetime() {
return createDatetime;
}
public void setCreateDatetime(Timestamp createDatetime) {
this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
}
public String getRemark() {
return remark;
}
public void setRemark(String remark) {
this.remark = remark;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", userName=" + userName + ", userPwd=" + userPwd + ", realName=" + realName
+ ", sex=" + sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", createDatetime=" + createDatetime + ", remark="
+ remark + "]";
}
public User() {
}
public User(Integer id, String userName, String userPwd, String realName, String sex, Date birthday,
Timestamp createDatetime, String remark) {
this.id = id;
this.userName = userName;
this.userPwd = userPwd;
this.realName = realName;
this.sex = sex;
this.birthday = birthday;
this.createDatetime = createDatetime;
this.remark = remark;
}
}
User.hbm.xml(实体映射文件)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<!--
name:实体类的全路径名称
table:数据库表名称
-->
<class name="com.tang.entity.User" table="t_user_hb">
<!--
id:用于设置数据库表结构中主键列的生成方式
name:实体类中属性名称
type:Java中的数据类型
column:数据库表字段名称
-->
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer" column="id">
<!--
class:定义主键列生成的方式
三种方式:
hibernate管理 increment
数据库管理 identity,sequcene,native
开发者管理 assgine
-->
<generator class="increment"></generator>
</id>
<property name="userName" type="java.lang.String" column="user_name" />
<property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String" column="user_pwd" />
<property name="realName" type="java.lang.String" column="real_name" />
<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String" column="sex" />
<property name="birthday" type="java.util.Date" column="birthday" />
<property name="createDatetime" insert="false" update="false" type="timestamp" column="create_datetime" />
<property name="remark" type="java.lang.String" column="remark" />
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
小结:hibernate.cfg.xml(1)/*.hbm.xml(N)
实体映射文件一定要加到核心配置文件
hibernate.cfg.xml(核心配置文件)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 数据库相关配置 -->
<!-- 链接账户名称 -->
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<!-- 链接账户密码 -->
<property name="connection.password"></property>
<!-- 链接的绝对路径 -->
<property name="connection.url">
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/t243?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&userSSL=false
</property>
<!-- 驱动的绝对路径 -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
</property>
<!-- 数据库方言 -->
<property name="dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
</property>
<!-- 调试相关配置 -->
<!-- hibernate运行过程是否展示自动生成的SQL代码 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- 是否规范化输出SQL代码 -->
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 实体映射相关配置 -->
<mapping resource="com/tang/entity/User.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
核心API讲解
1 Configuration
读取hibernate.cfg.xml
2 SessionFactory(1)
3 Session(N):与servlet中的session要区别对待
3.1 save
新增
测试结果
数据库
3.2 get(不讲load方法,在hibernate对象状态时再讲)
load
3.3 delete(先查再删除,保证程序的健壮性)
User u = (User) session.get(User.class,99);
if(null!=u){
session.delete(u);//比如id=99不存在,直接删除就会报错
}
3.4 update
先查再改
测试
Demo
package com.tang.test;
import java.util.Date;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import com.tang.entity.User;
public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Demo demo = new Demo();
demo.users();
}
public void users() {
//创建Hibernate核心类 ,将核心配置文件添加到核心类中
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
//创建session工厂
SessionFactory sf = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sf.openSession();
//开启事物
Transaction ts = session.beginTransaction();
//新增
User user = new User();
/*user.setUserName("女神");
user.setUserPwd("123341");
user.setRealName("李淑敏");
user.setSex("女");
user.setBirthday(new Date());
user.setRemark("美少女倒计时");
//提交进行保存
session.save(user);*/
//修改
/*user.setId(3);
User u = (User)session.get(User.class, user.getId());
if(null != u) {
u.setRemark("爱好的家伙");
session.update(u);
}*/
//删除
user.setId(3);
User u = (User)session.get(User.class, user.getId());
if(null != u) {
u.setRemark("爱好的家伙");
session.delete(u);
}
ts.commit();
session.close();
}
}