打败我们的，从来不是年龄，而是眼界和格局！
基于 Android UI深度理解：Activity UI视图结构，我们已经熟悉了Activity的窗口视图结构，并且已经明白开发者实现的xml布局文件，最终是被inflated到一个叫mContentParent对象的ViewGroup容器中。
那么这个inflated过程是什么样的呢？下面源码中setContentView方法里的第
18 行就是我们今天的剖析目标
源码如何解析开发者自定义的xml布局
源码中layoutResource所选择的以screen_simple.xml为例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
/* //device/apps/common/assets/res/layout/screen_simple.xml
**
** Copyright 2006, The Android Open Source Project
**
** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
** You may obtain a copy of the License at
**
** http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
**
** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
** limitations under the License.
*/
This is an optimized layout for a screen, with the minimum set of features
enabled.
-->
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:orientation="vertical">
<ViewStub android:id="@+id/action_mode_bar_stub"
android:inflatedId="@+id/action_mode_bar"
android:layout="@layout/action_mode_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:theme="?attr/actionBarTheme" />
<FrameLayout
android:id="@android:id/content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:foregroundInsidePadding="false"
android:foregroundGravity="fill_horizontal|top"
android:foreground="?android:attr/windowContentOverlay" />
</LinearLayout>
开发者自定义的xml布局以main_activity.xml为例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical">
<Button
android:id="@+id/test_btn"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:onClick="goViewActivity"
android:text="测试按钮" />
</LinearLayout>
PhoneWindow.java中的setContentView方法
@Override
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
// Note: FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS may be set in the process of installing the window
// decor, when theme attributes and the like are crystalized. Do not check the feature
// before this happens.
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
}
if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
final Scene newScene = Scene.getSceneForLayout(mContentParent, layoutResID,
getContext());
transitionTo(newScene);
} else {
//layoutResID是一个开发者定义的xml布局，它将在这里被添加到mContentParent这个容器中，最后进行View视图的显示
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
}
mContentParent.requestApplyInsets();
final Callback cb = getCallback();
if (cb != null && !isDestroyed()) {
cb.onContentChanged();
}
mContentParentExplicitlySet = true;
}
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
在setContentView内容中的第 18 行中
layoutResID为开发者设置的xml视图布局
mContentParent为加载layoutResID布局资源的容器
inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent)将完成整个开发者设置的xml布局文件的解析过程
/**
* Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified xml resource. Throws
* {@link InflateException} if there is an error.
* 译文：从指定的xml资源 inflated 出一个新的视图层级。......
* @param resource ID for an XML layout resource to load (e.g.,
* <code>R.layout.main_page</code>)
* @param root Optional view to be the parent of the generated hierarchy (if
* <em>attachToRoot</em> is true), or else simply an object that
* provides a set of LayoutParams values for root of the returned
* hierarchy (if <em>attachToRoot</em> is false.)
* @param attachToRoot Whether the inflated hierarchy should be attached to
* the root parameter? If false, root is only used to create the
* correct subclass of LayoutParams for the root view in the XML.
* @return The root View of the inflated hierarchy. If root was supplied and
* attachToRoot is true, this is root; otherwise it is the root of
* the inflated XML file.
*/
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
if (DEBUG) {
Log.d(TAG, "INFLATING from resource: \"" + res.getResourceName(resource) + "\" ("
+ Integer.toHexString(resource) + ")");
}
//这里根据开发者传入的xml资源获取一个对应的xml解析器
final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
try {
return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
} finally {
parser.close();
}
}
拿到xml资源的解析器之后，进入下一个inflate方法inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
/**
* Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified XML node. Throws
* {@link InflateException} if there is an error.
* <p>
* <em><strong>Important</strong></em> For performance
* reasons, view inflation relies heavily on pre-processing of XML files
* that is done at build time. Therefore, it is not currently possible to
* use LayoutInflater with an XmlPullParser over a plain XML file at runtime.
*
* @param parser XML dom node containing the description of the view
* hierarchy.
* @param root Optional view to be the parent of the generated hierarchy (if
* <em>attachToRoot</em> is true), or else simply an object that
* provides a set of LayoutParams values for root of the returned
* hierarchy (if <em>attachToRoot</em> is false.)
* @param attachToRoot Whether the inflated hierarchy should be attached to
* the root parameter? If false, root is only used to create the
* correct subclass of LayoutParams for the root view in the XML.
* @return The root View of the inflated hierarchy. If root was supplied and
* attachToRoot is true, this is root; otherwise it is the root of
* the inflated XML file.
*/
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");
final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
//从xml解析器中取出获取设置的属性
final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
//这个root即为screen_simple.xml中id为content的FrameLayout容器
View result = root;
try {
// Look for the root node.查找根节点
int type;
while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&//XmlPullParser.START_TAG：XML解析器解析到的一个开始标签
type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {//XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT：表明当前XML解析器处理的文件流已经到末端
// Empty
}
if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
+ ": No start tag found!");
}
final String name = parser.getName();
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("**************************");
System.out.println("Creating root view: "
+ name);
System.out.println("**************************");
}
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
//merge标签是个特殊标签，它必须被添加到一个ViewGroup容器中
throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
+ "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
}
rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
} else {
// Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
//创建出xml根节点(开发者自定义的xml根节点)，在这里，temp即为main_activity.xml中的LinearLayout节点，
//这里暂时取别名为A节点(方便下面源码描述使用)
final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);
ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;
if (root != null) {
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
root);
}
// Create layout params that match root, if supplied
//使用root节点(即screen_simple.xml中id为content的FrameLayout节点)的generateLayoutParams方法，
//把对应A节点的属性(如layout_width、layout_height)解析生成一个LayoutParams，在通过setLayoutParams设置到temp节点中的
params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
if (!attachToRoot) {
// Set the layout params for temp if we are not
// attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
temp.setLayoutParams(params);
}
}
//到这里，开发者设置的xml资源的根节点就解析完成了
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");
}
// Inflate all children under temp against its context.
//这里开始解析A节点下的子节点，如解析main_activity.xml中id为test_btn的Button节点
rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);
if (DEBUG) {
System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");
}
// We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
// to root. Do that now.
if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
root.addView(temp, params);
}
// Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
// top view found in xml.
if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
result = temp;
}
}
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
final InflateException ie = new InflateException(e.getMessage(), e);
ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
throw ie;
} catch (Exception e) {
final InflateException ie = new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
+ ": " + e.getMessage(), e);
ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
throw ie;
} finally {
// Don't retain static reference on context.
mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
mConstructorArgs[1] = null;
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
return result;
}
}
- 遍历xml布局中的根节点标签，区分是否为merge标签
- 使用A节点的父容器的generateLayoutParams来解析A节点中的属性值之后，在设置给A节点
- 调用rInflate开始解析A节点的子节点
rInflate
/**
* Recursive method used to descend down the xml hierarchy and instantiate
* views, instantiate their children, and then call onFinishInflate().
* 译文：递归方法，用于向下传递xml层次结构并实例化视图、实例化其子视图，然后调用onfinishinfl()。
* <p>
* <strong>Note:</strong> Default visibility so the BridgeInflater can
* override it.
*/
void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
//深度优先遍历原则
final int depth = parser.getDepth();
int type;
boolean pendingRequestFocus = false;
while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
continue;
}
final String name = parser.getName();
if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
pendingRequestFocus = true;
consumeChildElements(parser);
} else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
} else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
//include标签不能作为根节点
throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
}
parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
} else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
//merge标签只能作为根节点
throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
} else {
//这里面即实现了递归的方式，进行遍历子节点并添加到viewGropu容器中
final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);
final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);
viewGroup.addView(view, params);
}
}
if (pendingRequestFocus) {
parent.restoreDefaultFocus();
}
if (finishInflate) {
parent.onFinishInflate();
}
}
方法总结：
基于深度优先遍历原则，才用递归的方式对节点进行遍历，然后使用父容器的generateLayoutParams解析当前节点的属性值，在设置给当前节点，最后添加到ViewGroup容器中
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