segment tree线段树 Range Sum Query - Mutable

• The segment tree for array a[0,1,…,n−1] is a binary tree in which each node contains aggregate information (min, max, sum, etc.) for a subrange [i…j]of the array, as its left and right child hold information for range [i…(i+j)/2]and [(i+j)/2+1,j].

• bottom-up approach

1. Build segment tree

int[] tree;
int n;
public NumArray(int[] nums) {
    if (nums.length > 0) {
        n = nums.length;
        tree = new int[n * 2];
        buildTree(nums);
    }
}
private void buildTree(int[] nums) {
    for (int i = n, j = 0;  i < 2 * n; i++,  j++)
        tree[i] = nums[j];
    for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; --i)
        tree[i] = tree[i * 2] + tree[i * 2 + 1];
}

2. Update segment tree

void update(int pos, int val) {
    pos += n;
    tree[pos] = val;
    while (pos > 0) {
        int left = pos;
        int right = pos;
        if (pos % 2 == 0) {
            right = pos + 1;
        } else {
            left = pos - 1;
        }
        // parent is updated after child is updated
        tree[pos / 2] = tree[left] + tree[right];
        pos /= 2;
    }
}

3. Range Sum Query

public int sumRange(int l, int r) {
    // get leaf with value 'l'
    l += n;
    // get leaf with value 'r'
    r += n;
    int sum = 0;
    while (l <= r) {
        if ((l % 2) == 1) {
           sum += tree[l];
           l++;
        }
        if ((r % 2) == 0) {
           sum += tree[r];
           r--;
        }
        l /= 2;
        r /= 2;
    }
    return sum;
}