数据结构与算法（归并排序，二分查找）

归并排序

归并排序：先递归分解数组，再合并数组。

def merge_sort(alist):
    if len(alist) <= 1:
        return alist
    # 二分分解
    num = len(alist)/2
    left = merge_sort(alist[:num])
    right = merge_sort(alist[num:])
    # 合并
    return merge(left,right)

def merge(left, right):
    '''合并操作，将两个有序数组left[]和right[]合并成一个大的有序数组'''
    #left与right的下标指针
    l, r = 0, 0
    result = []
    while l<len(left) and r<len(right):
        if left[l] < right[r]:
            result.append(left[l])
            l += 1
        else:
            result.append(right[r])
            r += 1
    result += left[l:]
    result += right[r:]
    return result

alist = [54,26,93,17,77,31,44,55,20]
sorted_alist = mergeSort(alist)
print(sorted_alist)

时间复杂度

最优时间复杂度：O(nlogn)
最坏时间复杂度：O(nlogn)
稳定性：稳定

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二分法查找

二分查找：前提需要是有序表

#非递归实现
def binary_search(alist, item):
      first = 0
      last = len(alist)-1
      while first<=last:
          midpoint = (first + last)/2
          if alist[midpoint] == item:
              return True
          elif item < alist[midpoint]:
              last = midpoint-1
          else:
              first = midpoint+1
    return False
testlist = [0, 1, 2, 8, 13, 17, 19, 32, 42,]
print(binary_search(testlist, 3))
print(binary_search(testlist, 13))

#递归实现
def binary_search(alist, item):
    if len(alist) == 0:
        return False
    else:
        midpoint = len(alist)//2
        if alist[midpoint]==item:
          return True
        else:
          if item<alist[midpoint]:
            return binary_search(alist[:midpoint],item)
          else:
            return binary_search(alist[midpoint+1:],item)

testlist = [0, 1, 2, 8, 13, 17, 19, 32, 42,]
print(binary_search(testlist, 3))
print(binary_search(testlist, 13))

时间复杂度

最优时间复杂度：O(1)
最坏时间复杂度：O(logn)