SpringBoot由Pivotal团队在2013年开始研发、2014年4月发布第一个版本的全新开源的轻量级框架。基于Spring4.0设计,它不仅继承了Spring框架原有的优秀特性,还通过简化配置来进一步简化了Spring应用的整个搭建和开发过程。另外SpringBoot通过集成大量的框架使得依赖包的版本冲突,以及引用的不稳定性等问题得到了很好的解决。
Springboot 给我们带来了新Spring应用的初始搭建以及开发过程。它使用了特定的方式来进行配置,可以使开发人员不再需要定义样板化的配置。通过这种方式,Spring Boot致力于在蓬勃发展的快速应用开发领域(rapid application development)成为领导者。
使用Springboot进行Java Web开发,只需引用Springboot提供的spring-boot-starter-parent及spring-boot-starter-web两个依赖,再加上一个SpringApplication#run等简单的配置即可搭建好一个Web开发环境,极大的简化了环境的搭建,提高开发效率。
1.自动装配实现原理
Springboot为我们自动引入了开发所需的对应依赖以及相关bean,其实现自动装配核心主要在@SpringBootApplication以及SpringApplication#run方法
@SpringBootApplication //Springboot核心注解
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
@SpringBootApplication的核心是@EnableAutoConfiguration
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
@AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
String[] excludeName() default {};
@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackages")
String[] scanBasePackages() default {};
@AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackageClasses")
Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {};
}
@EnableAutoConfiguration通过@Import引入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector类,它实现了对注解@EnableAutoConfiguration的主要处理逻辑
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
String[] excludeName() default {};
}
其中getCandidateConfigurations 实现了自动装配的核心文件spring.factories的加载,它会在类路径下加载文件META-INF/spring.factories,读取需要进行自动转配的类信息,提供给Springboot进行加载
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
getBeanClassLoader());
Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
return configurations;
}
下面是spring-boot 2.1.8.RELEASE jar包中的spring.factories文件内容,文件中的类信息都会在应用启动时会被加载进Spring Context中,我们自定义实现的SpringApplicationRunListener、ApplicationContextInitializer也可通过在工程的classpath路径下新建META/spring.factories文件,按照下列方式添加,自定义的bean也会被加载到Springboot容器中
# PropertySource Loaders
org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourceLoader=\
org.springframework.boot.env.PropertiesPropertySourceLoader,\
org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader
# Run Listeners
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\
org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener
# Error Reporters
org.springframework.boot.SpringBootExceptionReporter=\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzers
# Application Context Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.web.context.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer
# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,\
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener
# Environment Post Processors
org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\
org.springframework.boot.cloud.CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor,\
org.springframework.boot.env.SpringApplicationJsonEnvironmentPostProcessor,\
org.springframework.boot.env.SystemEnvironmentPropertySourceEnvironmentPostProcessor
# Failure Analyzers
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BeanCurrentlyInCreationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BeanDefinitionOverrideFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BindFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BindValidationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.UnboundConfigurationPropertyFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.ConnectorStartFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.NoSuchMethodFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.PortInUseFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.ValidationExceptionFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.InvalidConfigurationPropertyNameFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.InvalidConfigurationPropertyValueFailureAnalyzer
# FailureAnalysisReporters
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalysisReporter=\
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter
在SpringApplication的run方法中也会去加载spring.factories文件中的相关类并进行实例化。执行run方法前会初始化SpringApplication对象,其中就会加载spring.factories中定义的ApplicationContextInitializer,SpringApplicationRunListener
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class... primarySources) {
this.sources = new LinkedHashSet();
this.bannerMode = Mode.CONSOLE;
this.logStartupInfo = true;
this.addCommandLineProperties = true;
this.addConversionService = true;
this.headless = true;
this.registerShutdownHook = true;
this.additionalProfiles = new HashSet();
this.isCustomEnvironment = false;
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
this.setInitializers(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));//加载spring.factoies文件中的定义的ApplicationContextInitializer
this.setListeners(this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));//加载spring.factoies定义的SpringApplicationRunListener
this.mainApplicationClass = this.deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
2.自定义自动装配实现
实现自定义自动装配需要创建两个工程,greeting-spring-boot-starter,springbooot-autoconfiguration,其中starter的命名可参考springboot官方规范。
greeting-spring-boot-starter: starter只是一个空的项目,用于提供对自动配置模块的依赖,以及一些其他的依赖
springbooot-autoconfiguration: 自动配置工程,需要引入自动配置依赖spring-boot-autoconfigure,spring-boot-configuration-processor
greeting-spring-boot-starter 工程pom文件,其他的文件内容都可以为空。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.twp.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>greeting-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>customer-spring-boot-starter</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>12</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.twp.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>springbooot-autoconfiguration</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>12</source>
<target>12</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
springbooot-autoconfiguration 中需要实例化的服务类
package com.twp.spring.server;
import com.twp.spring.properties.GreetingServerProperties;
public class GreetingServer {
private GreetingServerProperties properties;
public String greet(){
return properties.getTarget() + ":" + properties.getMessage();
}
public GreetingServerProperties getProperties() {
return properties;
}
public void setProperties(GreetingServerProperties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
}
GreetingServerProperties属性类
package com.twp.spring.properties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import java.io.Serializable;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "greeting")
public class GreetingServerProperties implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -225936785539739342L;
private String target;
private String message;
public String getTarget() {
return target;
}
public void setTarget(String target) {
this.target = target;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
自动配置类
package com.twp.spring.configuration;
import com.twp.spring.properties.GreetingServerProperties;
import com.twp.spring.server.GreetingServer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(GreetingServerProperties.class)
@ConditionalOnClass(GreetingServer.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "greeting",value = "enabled",matchIfMissing = true)
public class GreetingServerAutoConfiguration {
@Autowired
private GreetingServerProperties properties;
@Bean("greeting")
public GreetingServer greeting(){
GreetingServer greetingServer = new GreetingServer();
greetingServer.setProperties(properties);
return greetingServer;
}
}
pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.8.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.twp.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>springbooot-autoconfiguration</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>springbooot-autoconfiguration</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>12</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>12</source>
<target>12</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
在spring.factories文件中配置自动配置类
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.twp.spring.configuration.GreetingServerAutoConfiguration
执行mvn clean install,先将自动配置工程进行打包,再打包starter工程
在其他工程中引入starter工程,进行测试
<dependency>
<groupId>com.twp.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>greeting-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
greeting:
message: "Hello AutoConfiguration"
target: "张飞"
测试接口
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class GreetingController {
@Autowired
private GreetingServer greetingServer;
@GetMapping("/greet")
public String greeting(){
log.info("Greeting:{}",greetingServer.greet());
return greetingServer.greet();
}
}
请求接口结果:
这样就简单实现了自动配置,更加规范的starter编写,可以参考Springboot官方提供的各个组件的starter,如redis,mongoDB等。