生成螺旋矩阵

给定一个整数n，生成一个由1到n^2的元素填充的螺旋正方形
For example,
Given n = 3，
You should return the following matrix：
[
[ 1, 2, 3 ],
[ 8, 9, 4 ],
[ 7, 6, 5 ]
]
Spiral Matrix II
从左到右，从上到下，从右到左，从下到上依次遍历
同时赋予一个自增的变量值
注意边界的判断

vector<vector<int>> generateMatrix(int n) {
    vector<vector<int>> result(n, vector<int>(n));

    int begin = 0, end = n - 1;
    int num = 1;

    while (begin < end)
    {
        for (int j = begin; j < end; ++j)
            result[begin][j] = num++;
        for (int i = begin; i < end; ++i)
            result[i][end] = num++;
        for (int j = end; j > begin; --j)
            result[end][j] = num++;
        for (int i = end; i > begin; --i)
            result[i][begin] = num++;
        ++begin;
        --end;
    }

    if (begin == end)
        result[begin][begin] = num++;

    return result;
}