FP-Growth

FP-growth算法
FP-growth只会扫描数据集两次，它发现频繁项集的基本过程如下：
(1) 构建FP树
(2) 从FP树中挖掘频繁项集
优点：一般要快于Apriori。
缺点：实现比较困难，在某些数据集上性能会下降。
适用数据类型：标称型数据
FP-growth的一般流程
(1) 收集数据：使用任意方法。
(2) 准备数据：由于存储的是集合，所以需要离散数据。如果要处理连续数据，需要将它们 量化为离散值。
(3) 分析数据：使用任意方法。
(4) 训练算法：构建一个FP树，并对树进行挖据。
(5) 测试算法：没有测试过程。
(6) 使用算法：可用于识别经常出现的元素项，从而用于制定决策、推荐元素或进行预测 等应用中
FP树的类定义

class treeNode:
    def __init__(self, nameValue, numOccur, parentNode):
        self.name = nameValue
        self.count = numOccur
        self.nodeLink = None
        self.parent = parentNode      #needs to be updated
        self.children = {} 
    
    def inc(self, numOccur):
        self.count += numOccur
        
    def disp(self, ind=1):
        print '  '*ind, self.name, ' ', self.count
        for child in self.children.values():
            child.disp(ind+1)

FP树构建函数

def createTree(dataSet, minSup=1): #create FP-tree from dataset but don't mine
    headerTable = {}
    #go over dataSet twice
    for trans in dataSet:#first pass counts frequency of occurance
        for item in trans:
            headerTable[item] = headerTable.get(item, 0) + dataSet[trans]
    for k in headerTable.keys():  #remove items not meeting minSup
        if headerTable[k] < minSup: 
            del(headerTable[k])
    freqItemSet = set(headerTable.keys())
    #print 'freqItemSet: ',freqItemSet
    if len(freqItemSet) == 0: return None, None  #if no items meet min support -->get out
    for k in headerTable:
        headerTable[k] = [headerTable[k], None] #reformat headerTable to use Node link 
    #print 'headerTable: ',headerTable
    retTree = treeNode('Null Set', 1, None) #create tree
    for tranSet, count in dataSet.items():  #go through dataset 2nd time
        localD = {}
        for item in tranSet:  #put transaction items in order
            if item in freqItemSet:
                localD[item] = headerTable[item][0]
        if len(localD) > 0:
            orderedItems = [v[0] for v in sorted(localD.items(), key=lambda p: p[1], reverse=True)]
            updateTree(orderedItems, retTree, headerTable, count)#populate tree with ordered freq itemset
    return retTree, headerTable
def updateTree(items, inTree, headerTable, count):
    if items[0] in inTree.children:#check if orderedItems[0] in retTree.children
        inTree.children[items[0]].inc(count) #incrament count
    else:   #add items[0] to inTree.children
        inTree.children[items[0]] = treeNode(items[0], count, inTree)
        if headerTable[items[0]][1] == None: #update header table 
            headerTable[items[0]][1] = inTree.children[items[0]]
        else:
            updateHeader(headerTable[items[0]][1], inTree.children[items[0]])
    if len(items) > 1:#call updateTree() with remaining ordered items
        updateTree(items[1::], inTree.children[items[0]], headerTable, count)
        
def updateHeader(nodeToTest, targetNode):   #this version does not use recursion
    while (nodeToTest.nodeLink != None):    #Do not use recursion to traverse a linked list!
        nodeToTest = nodeToTest.nodeLink
    nodeToTest.nodeLink = targetNode    

从一棵 FP树中挖掘频繁项集
从FP树中抽取频繁项集的三个基本步骤如下： (1) 从FP树中获得条件模式基； (2) 利用条件模式基，构建一个条件FP树； (3) 迭代重复步骤(1)步骤(2)，直到树包含一个元素项为止。
发现以给定元素项结尾的所有路径的函数

def ascendTree(leafNode, prefixPath): #ascends from leaf node to root
    if leafNode.parent != None:
        prefixPath.append(leafNode.name)
        ascendTree(leafNode.parent, prefixPath)
    
def findPrefixPath(basePat, treeNode): #treeNode comes from header table
    condPats = {}
    while treeNode != None:
        prefixPath = []
        ascendTree(treeNode, prefixPath)
        if len(prefixPath) > 1: 
            condPats[frozenset(prefixPath[1:])] = treeNode.count
        treeNode = treeNode.nodeLink
    return condPats

递归查找频繁项集的mineTree函数

def mineTree(inTree, headerTable, minSup, preFix, freqItemList):
    bigL = [v[0] for v in sorted(headerTable.items(), key=lambda p: p[1])]#(sort header table)
    for basePat in bigL:  #start from bottom of header table
        newFreqSet = preFix.copy()
        newFreqSet.add(basePat)
        #print 'finalFrequent Item: ',newFreqSet    #append to set
        freqItemList.append(newFreqSet)
        condPattBases = findPrefixPath(basePat, headerTable[basePat][1])
        #print 'condPattBases :',basePat, condPattBases
        #2. construct cond FP-tree from cond. pattern base
        myCondTree, myHead = createTree(condPattBases, minSup)
        #print 'head from conditional tree: ', myHead
        if myHead != None: #3. mine cond. FP-tree
            #print 'conditional tree for: ',newFreqSet
            #myCondTree.disp(1)            
            mineTree(myCondTree, myHead, minSup, newFreqSet, freqItemList)

小结
FP-growth算法是一种用于发现数据集中频繁模式的有效方法。FP-growth算法利用Apriori原 则，执行更快。Apriori算法产生候选项集，然后扫描数据集来检查它们是否频繁。由于只对数据 集扫描两次，因此FP-growth算法执行更快。在FP-growth算法中，数据集存储在一个称为FP树的 结构中。FP树构建完成后，可以通过查找元素项的条件基及构建条件FP树来发现频繁项集。该 过程不断以更多元素作为条件重复进行，直到FP树只包含一个元素为止。