Android视图控件架构之LayoutInflater

LayoutInflater简介

LayoutInflater的作用是将layout目录下的xml布局文件加载到代码中并实例化为View类对象，它在android源码中的目录为frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\LayoutInflater.java。在编码过程中有两种方法获取它的实例：

1.LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
2. LayoutInflater inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);

其实我们看下源码就知道方法2就是对方法1的一个简单封装，使开发者更容易使用。

    public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) {
        LayoutInflater LayoutInflater =
                (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        if (LayoutInflater == null) {
            throw new AssertionError("LayoutInflater not found.");
        }
        return LayoutInflater;
    }

LayoutInflater通过方法inflate加载xml资源文件，并利用Pull解析器对Xml文件进行解析，然后返回View对象。
inflate共有4个重载方法
public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root)
public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root)
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)

参数说明如下：
resource :Xml文件对应的资源ID
root ： 这个xml布局文件所属于的根布局
1、如果root不为null时，返回值其实就是这个root，这个方法就是把xml解析成view之后加载到这个root下。
2、如果root为null，返回值就是xml布局里面的根节点。
3. 如果root不为null，attachToRoot设为true，则会给加载的布局文件的指定一个父布局，即root。
4. 如果root不为null，attachToRoot设为false，与2一样。

inflate方法实现：

 public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");

            final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
            Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
            mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
            View result = root;

            try {
                // Look for the root node.
                int type;
                while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
                        type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                    // Empty
                }

                if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                    throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
                            + ": No start tag found!");
                }

                final String name = parser.getName();

                 /*merge必须放在布局文件的根节点上，因为它不是一个ViewGroup，
                  * 也不是一个View。它相当于声明了一些视图，等待被添加。所以在通过
                  * LayoutInflate.inflate方法加载xml文件的时候， 第二个参数必 须指定
                  *指定一个父亲节点。
                  */
                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
                                + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                    }
                    rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
                } else {

                     //创建根节点View对象
                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
                                    root);
                        }
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }

                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");
                    }

                    // Inflate all children under temp against its context.
                    //通过递归调用的方式遍历xml，创建所有子控件的实例
                    rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);

                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");
                    }

                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                    // to root. Do that now.
                     //如果root不为空，将跟节点实例加入到root中
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }

                    // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
                    // top view found in xml.
                    //如果root为空则直接返回根结点实例
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        result = temp;
                    }
                }
            } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
                final InflateException ie = new InflateException(e.getMessage(), e);
                ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
                throw ie;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                final InflateException ie = new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
                        + ": " + e.getMessage(), e);
                ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
                throw ie;
            } finally {
                // Don't retain static reference on context.
                mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                mConstructorArgs[1] = null;

                Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
            }

            return result;
        }
    }

rInflate方法实现：

void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
            AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {

        final int depth = parser.getDepth();
        int type;

        while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
                parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {

            if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                continue;
            }

            final String name = parser.getName();
            //如果控件带有<requestFocus/>标志(控件处于获得焦点的状态)，则会
            //调用view.requestFocus()；设置该控件为焦点状态
            if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
                parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);
            //如果控件带有android:tag标志，则会调用view.setTag(key, value);
            //将值保存在view中，在使用时我们又可以通过view.getTag（）的方式取出来
            } else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
                parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
            //如果控件带有include标志,则会去解析include所包含的xml文件，解析过程
            //与inflate一样
            } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
                if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
                    throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
                }
                parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
            //merge必须放在布局文件的根节点上,否则会报错
            } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
            } else {
                //根据获得的属性值，创建子控件View并加入到它的父控件内，然后继续解析view的子控件
                final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);
                final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
                final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);
                viewGroup.addView(view, params);
            }
        }

        if (finishInflate) {
            parent.onFinishInflate();
        }
    }

createViewFromTag方法实现

View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
            boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
        if (name.equals("view")) {
            name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
        }

        // Apply a theme wrapper, if allowed and one is specified.
        if (!ignoreThemeAttr) {
            final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
            final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
            if (themeResId != 0) {
                context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
            }
            ta.recycle();
        }

        if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {
            // Let's party like it's 1995!
            return new BlinkLayout(context, attrs);
        }

        //创建View,我们可以继承Factory接口并实现函数onCreateView然后
        //使用函数setFactory(Factory factory)和setFactory2(Factory2 factory)
        //来设置mFactory和mFactory2,自己实现创建的过程，也可以使用该类默认的实现函数
        //onCreateView创建View
        try {
            View view;
            if (mFactory2 != null) {
                view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
            } else if (mFactory != null) {
                view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
            } else {
                view = null;
            }

            if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
                view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
            }

            if (view == null) {
                final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
                mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
                try {
                    if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                        view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
                    } else {
                        view = createView(name, null, attrs);
                    }
                } finally {
                    mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                }
            }

            return view;
        } catch (InflateException e) {
            throw e;

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name, e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name, e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;
        }
    }

createView方法实现

    //主要就是通过ClassLoder来创建View
    public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)
            throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
        Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);
        if (constructor != null && !verifyClassLoader(constructor)) {
            constructor = null;
            sConstructorMap.remove(name);
        }
        Class<? extends View> clazz = null;

        try {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, name);

            if (constructor == null) {
                // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
                clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
                        prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);

                if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {
                    boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                    if (!allowed) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                    }
                }
                constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
                constructor.setAccessible(true);
                sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);
            } else {
                // If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor
                if (mFilter != null) {
                    // Have we seen this name before?
                    Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name);
                    if (allowedState == null) {
                        // New class -- remember whether it is allowed
                        clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
                                prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);

                        boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                        mFilterMap.put(name, allowed);
                        if (!allowed) {
                            failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                        }
                    } else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                    }
                }
            }

            Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
            args[1] = attrs;

            final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
            if (view instanceof ViewStub) {
                // Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.
                final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;
                viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));
            }
            return view;

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name), e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;

        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            // If loaded class is not a View subclass
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Class is not a View " + (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name), e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // If loadClass fails, we should propagate the exception.
            throw e;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(
                    attrs.getPositionDescription() + ": Error inflating class "
                            + (clazz == null ? "<unknown>" : clazz.getName()), e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }

rInflateChildren方法实现

    //很简单，就是递归调用rInflate（）
    final void rInflateChildren(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, AttributeSet attrs,
            boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        rInflate(parser, parent, parent.getContext(), attrs, finishInflate);
    }