python多进程与多线程的区别

多进程与多线程的比较：

python多线程只能运行在一个cpu内核，
对于耗费cpu的操作多进程优于多线程，
对于io操作多线程优于多进程。

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分别用多进程和多线程实现一个耗费cpu的计算操作：

运行代码看到

多线程计算耗时39.59178113937378s
多进程计算耗时17.96556830406189s

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor,as_completed
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
import time
def fib(n):
    if n <2:
        return 1
    return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(5) as executor:
        all_task = [executor.submit(fib, (num)) for num in range(25,40)]
        start_time = time.time()
        for future in as_completed(all_task):
            result = future.result()
            print("exec result is  {} ".format(result))

        print('thread time is ====> ',time.time() - start_time)

分别用多进程和多线程实现一个类似io的操作：

多进程计算耗时12.173911333084106
多线程计算耗时12.062113761901855

操作数据较大时，区别会更明显

from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
import time
def random_sleep(n):
    time.sleep(n)
    return n
if __name__ == '__main__':
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(5) as executor:
        all_task = [executor.submit(random_sleep, (n)) for n in [2]*30]
        start_time = time.time()
        for future in as_completed(all_task):
            result = future.result()
            print("process exec result is  {} ".format(result))

        print('process time is ====>',time.time() - start_time)

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