【leetcode-medium】Encode and Decode TinyURL 【对url进行编码】

题目

TinyURL is a URL shortening service where you enter a URL such as https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl and it returns a short URL such as http://tinyurl.com/4e9iAk.

Design the encode and decode methods for the TinyURL service. There is no restriction on how your encode/decode algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a URL can be encoded to a tiny URL and the tiny URL can be decoded to the original URL.

问题解答：

方法1：【使用随机算法】

参考：https://leetcode.com/problems/encode-and-decode-tinyurl/discuss/100268/Two-solutions-and-thoughts

class Codec:

    alphabet = string.ascii_letters + '0123456789'

    def __init__(self):
        self.url2code = {}
        self.code2url = {}

    def encode(self, longUrl):
        while longUrl not in self.url2code:
            code = ''.join(random.choice(Codec.alphabet) for _ in range(6))
            if code not in self.code2url:
                self.code2url[code] = longUrl
                self.url2code[longUrl] = code
        return 'http://tinyurl.com/' + self.url2code[longUrl]

    def decode(self, shortUrl):
        return self.code2url[shortUrl[-6:]]

解释：（很精致的分析）

It's possible that a randomly generated code has already been generated before. In that case, another random code is generated instead. Repeat until we have a code that's not already in use. How long can this take? Well, even if we get up to using half of the code space, which is a whopping 626/2 = 28,400,117,792 entries, then each code has a 50% chance of not having appeared yet. So the expected/average number of attempts is 2, and for example only one in a billion URLs takes more than 30 attempts. And if we ever get to an even larger number of entries and this does become a problem, then we can just use length 7. We'd need to anyway, as we'd be running out of available codes.

方法2：利用map,与累加

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Codec {
    protected Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
    protected Integer key = 0;
    // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.
    public String encode(String longUrl) {
        map.put(String.valueOf(++key),longUrl);
        return String.valueOf(key);
    }

    // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.
    public String decode(String shortUrl) {
       return map.get(shortUrl);
    }
}

// Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
// Codec codec = new Codec();
// codec.decode(codec.encode(url));