Java编写程序(2)

问题回顾

在简单版本的程序中，玩家只要猜中任意一格，计数器就+1，而没有考虑是否这一格是否被猜中过。

使用ArrayList

游戏的完全版

需要改变的类

• DotCom类要增加名称变量来区别不同的网站；
• 游戏的类（DotComBust）：要创建三个DotCom并指定他们的名称、将DotCom放在方阵上（GameHelper实现）、每次猜测检查3个DotCom、击沉3个DotCom后才结束游戏、脱离main()；
• 辅助性类；

DotCom类

import java.util.*;
public class DotCom {
    private ArrayList<String> locationCells; //保存位置的ArrayList
    private String name;

    public void setLocationCells(ArrayList<String> loc) { //更新位置的方法
        locationCells = loc;
    }

    public void setName(String n) {
        name = n;
    }

    public String checkYourself(String userInput) {
        String result = "miss";
        int index = locationCells.indexOf(userInput);//把玩家输入坐标的下标赋给index，没找到返回-1
        if (index >= 0) {
            locationCells.remove(index);


            if (locationCells.isEmpty()) {
                result = "kill";
                System.out.println("Oh! You sunk " + name);
            } else {
                result = "hit";
             }  
        }   
        return result;
    }
}

DotComBust类的伪码

声明GameHelper实例helper；
声明一个ArrayList实例dotComList来放置三个网站；
声明一个int类型的变量NumOfGuess来记录玩家猜测次数，初始化为0；

---

声明setUpGame()方法：创建并初始化三个DotCom实例，并分别取名，放置到方阵上，给玩家一个简短的介绍；
声明startPlaying()方法：重复询问并获取玩家猜测，调用checkUserGuess()方法，直到所有DotCom被移除；
声明checkUserGuess()方法：遍历所有DotCom实例，并让他们调用自身checkYourself()方法；
声明finishGame()方法：基于猜测次数输出玩家成绩；

---

void setUpGame()
    创建三个DotCom实例；
    分别命名；
    把它们加入dotComList；
    遍历dotComList：
        调用placeDotCom()方法（helper实例中），初始化三个网站位置；
        用DotCom的setLocationCells()设定位置；

void start playing()
    while (dotComList中还有元素)：
        调用helper中的getUserInput()方法获取玩家猜测；
        调用checkUserGuess()方法验证猜测；

void checkUserGuess()
    numOfGuess++;
    声明并设置局部变量result为"miss"；
    遍历dotComList：
        调用checkYourself()方法来验证玩家猜测；
        在需要的情况下改变result为"hit"或"kill"；
        if (result == "kill")
                从dotComList移除该实例；
    显示result值；

void finishGame()
    显示gameover
    if 猜测数少：
        祝贺的信息
    else：
        继续努力的信息

编写测试方法的代码

最重要的方法是checkUserGuess()：初始化一个网站，假定网站位置和用户猜测来测试方法。
其次是初始化的setUpGame()：可以打印出设置的信息来查看（在DotCom类中增加方法）。
剩余两个方法实现比较简单，个人认为不需要专门的测试。

---

下面是自己写的测试代码：

import java.util.*;
public class MethodTestDrive {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Testing setUpGame()...");
            DotComBust game1 = new DotComBust();
        game1.setUpGames();
        for (DotCom x : game1.dotComsList) {
            System.out.println(x.getName() + " postion: " + x.getLocationCells());
        }
        System.out.println("Testing chekUserGuess()...");
        DotComBust game2 = new DotComBust();
        DotCom d1 = new DotCom();
        d1.setName("163.com");
        ArrayList<String> pos = new ArrayList<String>();
        pos.add("C5");
        pos.add("C6");
        pos.add("C7");
        d1.setLocationCells(pos);
        game2.dotComsList.add(d1);
        System.out.println("Result should be \"miss\" \"hit\" \"hit\" \"kill\" ");
        game2.checkUserGuess("C4");
        game2.checkUserGuess("C5");
        game2.checkUserGuess("C6");
        game2.checkUserGuess("C7");
        System.out.println("Number of guesses: " + game2.numOfGuesses);

    }

}

类的实现

import java.util.*;

public class DotComBust {
    private GameHelper helper = new GameHelper();
    private ArrayList<DotCom> dotComsList = new ArrayList<DotCom>();
    private int numOfGuesses = 0;

    private void setUpGames() {
        DotCom one = new DotCom();
        one.setName("Pets.com");
        DotCom two = new DotCom();
        two.setName("qq.com");
        DotCom three = new DotCom();
        three.setName("163.com");
        dotComsList.add(one);
        dotComsList.add(two);
        dotComsList.add(three);

        System.out.println("共有三个网站，尝试用最少的次数打掉他们！");

        for (DotCom dotComToSet : dotComsList) {
            ArrayList<String> newLocation = helper.placeDotCom(3);

            dotComToSet.setLocationCells(newLocation);
        }
    }

    private void startPlaying() {
        while (!dotComsList.isEmpty()) {
            String userGuess = helper.getUserInput("Enter a guess");
            checkUserGuess(userGuess);
        }

        finishGame();
    }

    private void checkUserGuess(String userGuess) {
        numOfGuesses++;
        String result = "miss";
        for (DotCom dotComToTest : dotComsList) {
            result = dotComToTest.checkYourself(userGuess);
            if (result.equals("hit")) {
                break;
            }
            if (result.equals("kill")) {
                dotComsList.remove(dotComToTest);
                break;
            }

        }
        System.out.println(result);
    }   

    private void finishGame() {
        System.out.println("你打掉了所有网站！");
        if (numOfGuesses <= 18) {
            System.out.println("你只用了" + numOfGuesses + "次！" );
        } else {
            System.out.println("你用了" + numOfGuesses + "次！次数太多了" );
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        DotComBust game = new DotComBust();
        game.setUpGames();
        game.startPlaying();
    }
}

• 程序中除了main都是private，很好地保护了数据。

GameHelper

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class GameHelper {

  private static final String alphabet = "abcdefg";
  private int gridLength = 7;
  private int gridSize = 49;
  private int [] grid = new int[gridSize];
  private int comCount = 0;


  public String getUserInput(String prompt) {
     String inputLine = null;
     System.out.print(prompt + "  ");
     try {
       BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(
     new InputStreamReader(System.in));
       inputLine = is.readLine();
       if (inputLine.length() == 0 )  return null; 
     } catch (IOException e) {
       System.out.println("IOException: " + e);
     }
     return inputLine.toLowerCase();
  }



  public ArrayList<String> placeDotCom(int comSize) {                 // line 19
    ArrayList<String> alphaCells = new ArrayList<String>();
    String [] alphacoords = new String [comSize];      // holds 'f6' type coords
    String temp = null;                                // temporary String for concat
    int [] coords = new int[comSize];                  // current candidate coords
    int attempts = 0;                                  // current attempts counter
    boolean success = false;                           // flag = found a good location ?
    int location = 0;                                  // current starting location

    comCount++;                                        // nth dot com to place
    int incr = 1;                                      // set horizontal increment
    if ((comCount % 2) == 1) {                         // if odd dot com  (place    vertically)
        incr = gridLength;                               // set vertical increment
    }

    while ( !success & attempts++ < 200 ) {             // main search loop  (32)
        location = (int) (Math.random() * gridSize);      // get random starting point
        //System.out.print(" try " + location);
        int x = 0;                                        // nth position in dotcom to place
        success = true;                                 // assume success
        while (success && x < comSize) {                // look for adjacent unused spots
          if (grid[location] == 0) {                    // if not already used
             coords[x++] = location;                    // save location
             location += incr;                          // try 'next' adjacent
             if (location >= gridSize){                 // out of bounds - 'bottom'
               success = false;                         // failure
             }
             if (x>0 & (location % gridLength == 0)) {  // out of bounds - right edge
               success = false;                         // failure
             }
          } else {                                      // found already used location
              // System.out.print(" used " + location);  
              success = false;                          // failure
          }
        }
    }                                                   // end while

    int x = 0;                                          // turn good location into  alpha coords
    int row = 0;
    int column = 0;
    // System.out.println("\n");
    while (x < comSize) {
      grid[coords[x]] = 1;                              // mark master grid pts. as     'used'
      row = (int) (coords[x] / gridLength);             // get row value
      column = coords[x] % gridLength;                  // get numeric column value
      temp = String.valueOf(alphabet.charAt(column));   // convert to alpha

      alphaCells.add(temp.concat(Integer.toString(row)));
      x++;

      // System.out.print("  coord "+x+" = " + alphaCells.get(x-1));

    }
    // System.out.println("\n");

    return alphaCells;
  }
}