测试与分支(case与select结构)

case

在代码块中控制程序分支.

---

case (in) / esac

case "$variable" in
    $condition1 )
        command...
    ;;
    $condition2 )
        command...
    ;;
    .
    .
esac

• 每句测试行，都以右小括号 ) 来结尾.
• 每个条件判断语句块都以一对分号结尾 ;;.
• case块以esac(case的反向拼写)结尾.

---

例: 使用命令替换来产生case变量.

#!/bin/bash
# case-cmd.sh: 使用命令替换来产生"case"变量.


case $( arch ) in  # "arch"返回机器体系的类型，等价于'uname -m'.
    i386 )
        echo "80386-based machiine"
    ;;
    i486 )
        echo "80486-based machiine"
    ;;
    i586 )
        echo "Pentium-based machiine"
    ;;
    i686 )
        echo "Pentium2+-based machiine"
    ;;
    x86_64 )
        echo "Lenovo G50-80-liudezhi linux"
    ;;
    * )
        echo "Other type of machine"
    ;;
esac

exit 0

---

select

select结构是建立菜单的另一种工具，这种结构是从ksh中引入的.

---

select variable [in list]
do
    command...
    break
done

*提示用户输入选择的内容(比如放在变量列表中). 注意: select命令使用 PS3 提示符, 默认为( #? ), 可以修改.

---

例：使用select来创建菜单.

#!/bin/bash
# select.sh

PS3='Choose your favorite vegetable: '                 #设置提示符字串. 

select vegetable in "beans" "carrots" "potatoes" "onions" "rutabagas"
do
    echo "Your favorite veggie is $vegetable."
    echo "Yuck!"
    break                                               # 若不加break将不能退出select结构.        
done

exit 0

---

如果忽略了 in list 列表, 那么select命令将会使用传递到脚本的命令行参数( $@ ), 或者是函数参数(当select是在函数中时).

---

例： 使用函数中的select结构来创建菜单.

#!/bin/bash
# select_func.sh

PS3='Choose your favorite vegetable: '

choice_of()
{
    select vegetable
    do
        echo
        echo "Your favorite veggie is $vegetable."
        echo "Yuck!"
        echo
        break
    done
}

choice_of bean carrots potatoes onions      #choice_of "bean" "carrots" "potatoes" "onions" 
#          $1     $2      $3      $4
# 传递给choice_of()的参数.

exit 0